Transcript Future Access Networking

Future Access
Networking
Saemundur E. Thorsteinsson
Iceland Telecom
Research Department
Overview
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•
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The Eurescom FAN and Anfina Projects
FAN Rationale
Bandwidth Demand
Two Access Network Segments
– Backhaul technologies
– Drop technologies
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Quality of Service in the Access Network
Role of Ethernet
Economic considerations
Vision of the Future Access Network
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The FAN project
• FAN (Future Access Networks) was a Eurescom Study
– finished in 2002
– European Intitute for Research and Strategic Studies in
Telecommunications
• Participants
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The Anfina Project
• Anfina
– Access Networks control Functions and
Interfaces in NGN Architectures
– Also a Eurescom study
– will be finished by end of 2003
• Participants
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FAN Rationale
• IP dominates the traffic
– Future Services are IP based
– Current Services migrate to IP (e.g.VoIP)
– Convergence of the Services in IP
• Ethernet becomes the standard customer
interface
• Bandwidth demands increasing
• Dynamic bandwidth allocation required
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FAN Rationale
• Currently deployed telecom access network
solutions are
– mostly TDM-based (for narrowband traffic, e.g.
legacy telephony)
– ATM-based (broadband traffic, e.g. ADSL)
• The result is a gap between access network
technology and service evolution trends
• When and how should the operators upgrade
their AN ?
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Bandwidth demand of homes
Bitrate [kb/s]
10000
1000
According to Moore's
law
Actual modem
connection speed
ADSL 256 kb/s
ADSL 512 kb/s
100
10
1
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
•Exponential growth, doubling every 23 months
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Factors increasing the bitrate
• Video communications
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–
–
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Streaming video on the Internet
Video on Demand
Video telephony and conferencing
Digital cameras and camcorders
• Increasing need for exchanging pictures and videos
• SAN = Storage Area Networking
– Data storage
• Files grow through the years
– Enhanced data security
– High speed connections required for tolerable service
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Video encoding
3000
2500
2000
Bitrate
[kb/s]
1500
1000
500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
• Advancement in video encoding technology
– Less bitrate required for same video quality
– Makes Video over ADSL interesting
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Two Segments - Drop and Backhaul
NT – Network Termination
AG - Aggregation Node
Access Network
SN – Service Node
Drop Segment
Radio
DATA
Network
NT
SN
AG
PSTNNetwork
DATA Network
Cable
DATA
Network
Backhaul Network
DATA
Network
Backhaul
Segment
SN
ATM Network
DATA Network
Copper
DATA
Network
AG
NT
SN
IP Network
DATA Network
Fibre
DATA
Network
Drop Segment
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Aggregation Node
e.g. DSLAM
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Service Node or
Core Network Interface
e.g. BRAS
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Drop Segment
• From the customer to the aggregation node is
characterised by
– Diversity of Transmission media (copper, fibre, cable,
radio)
– Diversity of Systems based on various technologies
(TDM, ATM, IP,…)
– Different Aggregation Node concepts
– Not interoperable
• This situation remains probably for a long time, but could
evolve smoothly by substituting or deploying new
technologies, e.g. ATM-based ADSL --> Ethernet-based
ADSL or VDSL
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Technology
Layer 2
connection
less, e.g.
Ethernet
ATM
Copper
ADSL
SHDSL
VDSL
Coax
DOCSIS
DVB
Radio
x
x
x
(x)
x
x
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Nearly only ATM but IP-based DSLAMS are available now
open, but ATM dominating
packet based, FS-VDSL propose ATM in the first step
DOCSIS deployment dominates
x
x
UMTS
WLAN
HiperLAN/2
BWA
Fibre
APON
EPON
Optical Ethernet
ATM over SDH
POS
Comments
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
up to Release 4 & 5
Release 6
IP native (IEEE802.11) dominating Technology
No product yet on the market
Hiper Access(ATM), IEEE802.16 (DOCSIS like)
Standard based
IP native, but no standard yet
IP native, wide deployment in the Data world
Inefficent IP transport
Expensive
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Backhaul Segment
•
From the Aggregation Node to the Service
node
– Dedicated to the individual services and/or drop
technologies
– Diversity of systems based on various technologies
(TDM, SDH, ATM, IP,)
– Not interoperable
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Backhaul Segment
• Expected evolutions & potential of cost savings
by
– Convergence of the Backhaul networks on common
optical platform
– Integration of services by integration of different
drop technologies
– Simplification of the protocol stack (Replacement of
IP/ATM/SDH by Ethernet
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Backhaul Segment
Reduced complexity and cost
IP
ATM
IP
IP
SDH
SDH
ATM
Optical
Optical
Optical
Frequent
situation
Frequent
situation
Legacy
situation
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IP
Ethernet
Optical
Upcoming
situation
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Ethernet
Future Development
Data
Ethernet
QoS
10GbE
EFM
MPLS
EFM: Ethernet in the First Mile
(ATM)
Voice
SONET/SDH
LAN
Metro
WAN
Source: Extreme Networks
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Access Network evolution
Current Access
Future Access
Customer Premise
IP/MPLS Backbone
Multiple Analog Lines for Voice
Softswitch Call
Control
DLC
PBX Extensions
PABX
DSLAM
VoDSL
GW
ATM/FR
LAN
Router
MUX
Class 5
ADM
Terminals off remote
Mainframe
Equipment Stack
at
CO
 Packet-Based
 Optimized for the Internet Protocol
 Enabled by….
 Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
 Distributed Call-Agent (i.e. SoftSwitch)
Services
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Quality of Service, QoS
• QoS guarantees must be offered in Access Networks
– Services have different requirements
Source: Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4th ed.
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Quality of Service
• Access Networks need to support Service Level
Agreement management
– To enable flexible/dynamic service provisioning
– For dynamic bandwidth allocation
• AN need to segregate traffic between customers
and/or services.
– To enable security and confidentiality
– To enable different QoS treatment
• AN need to support multicast (e.g. for TVbroadcast services)
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Quality of service
• To support IP QoS, there is a need to reflect some
“IP and application knowledge” in layer 1 and 2 of
the AN (in various equipment).
– New developments in IP/Ethernet technology increase the
capabilities of QoS
– Differentiated service integration
• The access is not the dumb part of the network any
longer.
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IP-based contenders in the AN
•
Layer 2 Ethernet Switching
– Full Duplex operation & high bit rates : 10, 100, 1000
Mbit/s
– Increasing switching capacity
– Use of VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) :
• Based on IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN Tag)
• Enables “waterproof” separation of different network
traffic domains
• IEEE 802.1P enables prioritisation, queuing, traffic
shaping and policing
– Various criteria can be used to relate traffic to a VLAN :
per port (of switch), per MAC address, per IP address,
per Layer 3-type protocol, per service…
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IP-based contenders in the AN
• Layer 2,5 MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching)
– MPLS brings the advantages of connection oriented
networks to connectionless networks
• Adds intelligent traffic handling to the access network
• Close integration with IP
• MPLS adds QoS to IP networks in combination with Diffserv or
Intserv
• Needed for multi-service networks and particularly for voice
services
– IP/MPLS advantages
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One protocol and technology from the access to the core
Enable VPN services (Virtual Private Networks)
Simplified management throughout entire network
Flexible service creation, faster service roll-out
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Economic considerations
Gigabit Ethernet vs ATM/SDH, SDH
Electronics/Optics
BW mgmt. &
$/Mbps
provisioning
Annual maint.
upgrades
BW on
demand
IP/ATM/SDH
$8-40
$5k
$750-$3750
Very difficult
IP/SDH
$6-35
$5k
$750-$3750
Very difficult
IP/Ethernet
$1-3
$1k
$150-450
Yes
GbE
advantage
8:1 - 13:1
5:1
5:1 – 8:1
Yes
Source: Yipes, Dell ‘Oro, Yankee Group, Extreme Networks, Juniper Networks
Assumes a regional network with fibre hubs and 10 rings
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Technology Price evolution
120%
Price evolution
100%
80%
ATM
Ethernet
60%
SDH
Infrastructure
40%
20%
0%
2001
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Model of the FAN
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FAN drop segment
•
Will be characterised by
– Ethernet interfaces
– Dependence on medium and technology
– Shorter distances, as Aggregation Node is moving
closer to the subscriber
– (re-)use of copper pair, wherever feasible
– New fibre deployment
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FAN backhaul segment
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IP-based
Optical
– (Gigabit Ethernet, APON, EPON)
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Mesh- (L2 switching) or Ring- (with RPR)
topologies
Will use MPLS (e.g. over GbE) as an ATM & IP
convergence solution
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Thank you
• Further information
– http://www.eurescom.de/public/projects/P1100series/P1117/
– Deliverable 1 (IP based access technologies and
QoS) is publicly available
Questions
?
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