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Optical
Networking
Technologies
Connectivity
Unlimited™
Agenda
 Carrier Ethernet Market Overview
 MEF Carrier Ethernet Significance
 MPLS - Core Technologies
 OAM – Operation Administration and Maintenance
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Connectivity
Unlimited™
Connectivity Unlimited
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Agenda
 Carrier Ethernet Market Overview
 MEF Carrier Ethernet Significance
 MPLS - Core Technologies
 OAM – Operation Administration and Maintenance
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Why Ethernet?
1. Less expensive and more reliable alternative to private line
alternatives (e.g., ATM and Frame Relay (DS1/DS3))
2. Deploy new applications rapidly with minimal capital
investment
3. Leverage existing IT staff experience – (minimize training)
4. It offers a simple migration to higher performance and value
5. Ability to mix bandwidth by location and application
6. Supports bandwidth intensive applications, such as high
speed data, VoIP and video (IP applications)
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There Are Shortcomings of Traditional Ethernet
Ethernet Shortcoming
The Solution
Initially intended for LAN usage
Standards based protection (with <50ms failover &
S/C-VLAN Tags to support for 100K’s of VLANs)
Lack of Operations, Administration and
Maintenance (OAM) Support
End-to-End Ethernet OAM
(802.3ah, 802.1ag, ITU Y.1731)
Lack of Performance Monitoring Capabilities
Measure Latency, Jitter, Packet Loss, End-to-end
Continuity, Throughput (Y.1731, RFC2544)
Lack of SLA Assurance Capabilities
Ethernet Service OAM & H-QoS/CoS according to
MEF 14 Traffic Mgmt (service specific QoS)
No clear demarcation points between the Carrier
and the End customer
Standardized MEF Ethernet Service Definitions
(UNI/NNI Service demarcation for MEF E-Line,
ELAN, and EPL connectivity services)
Little or no testability of the carrier circuit
RFC 2544, Remote Port Level Testing
No loopback or fault isolation features
Ethernet loop-backs on physical port or EVC/VLAN
Linktrace Message/Reply (802.1ag CFM )
Limited or no customer traffic isolation
EVC/VLANs (P-to-P/P-to-MP/MP-to-MP) through
VLAN translation, Q-in-Q, bundling, & aggregation
The MRV OptiSwitch series is an ENABLER and ACCELERATOR for the deployment of New
Revenue Generating Ethernet Services (EPL, EVPL, E-LAN, E-Tree)
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So, along comes Carrier Ethernet (CE)….
 CE is a ubiquitous standardized, carrier-class service and network defined by five
attributes that distinguish it from familiar LAN based Ethernet
 Carrier-grade Ethernet is required for the mass market to shift from FR/ATM/PL to
Ethernet
– MEF certification enables and accelerates full inter-operability (services and TM)
– Much easier for service providers to manage and maintain
– Legacy networks are frustratingly obsolete to the modern enterprise
 Carrier Ethernet Access completes the connection
– End-to-end Ethernet provides the most efficient, lowest cost access method for extending
Ethernet Metro Networks
 OAM and TM are the critical parts of a carrier-grade Ethernet offering
– Without them, many users will stick with their current WAN technologies
– Provides service providers with the OPEX savings to justify migration
 Business Ethernet Services revenue growing to $31B by 2012:
–
–
–
–
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Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)
Ethernet Private Lines (E-Line)
Ethernet LAN/VPLS (E-LAN)
Ethernet access to other services (e.g., Internet, IP/MPLS VPNs, etc.)
Connectivity
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Carrier Ethernet Provides Service Convergence
 Carrier Ethernet provides a converged network solution that is simpler and more cost
effective for both the service provider and the enterprise
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Worldwide Business Ethernet Services
Business Ethernet Services – revenues mount steadily to nearly $31
billion by 2012 – a real shift towards next generation applications
• Robust enterprise customer demand is
projected for the next 4 to 5 years,
• Double-digit annual growth across all
geographic regional markets
• Service Providers are committed to Ethernet
as the standard for network service
connectivity.
• Ethernet equipment vendors are actively
enabling this important transition through
industry standards participation
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Business applications for Ethernet
Services include Dedicated Internet
Access (DIA), Ethernet Private Lines,
Ethernet LAN / VPLS, and Ethernet
access to other network services (e.g.,
IP/MPLS VPNs, Frame Relay, etc.).
Enterprise Ethernet Spending Plans
• Ethernet Spending Likely to increase faster than spending on other services
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Agenda
 Carrier Ethernet Market Overview
 MEF Carrier Ethernet Significance
 MPLS - Core Technologies
 OAM – Operation Administration and Maintenance
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The standards Committees
IEEE is working more towards the edge
technology standards
IETF and ITU are working more towards
the core technology standards
MEF is working together with the above
committees to accelerate adaptation of
Carrier Ethernet around the globe.
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Issues and Opportunities
 The MEF’s Mission:
–
Accelerate the worldwide adoption of
carrier-class Ethernet networks and services
 This mission is in direct response to the opportunities made
available by
1. The need and demand for a simple ubiquitous service
2. Requirement to scale network services to enable rapid deployment of
applications critical to enterprises and service providers.
3. Availability of low cost, high bandwidth Ethernet, beyond the LAN
4. Convergence of business, residential and wireless services
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Global Expansion from Metro to Carrier Ethernet
 The Beginning: Metro Ethernet
– The MEF was formed in 2001 to develop ubiquitous business services for
Enterprise users principally accessed over optical metropolitan networks
to connect their Enterprise LANs
 Expansion to Carrier Ethernet
– The success of Metro Ethernet Services caught the imagination of the
world as the concept expanded to include
• Worldwide services traversing national and global networks
• Access networks to provide availability to a much wider class of user
over fiber, copper, cable, PON, and wireless
• Economy of scale from the resulting converged business, residential
and wireless networks sharing the same infrastructure and services
• Scalability & rapid deployment of business applications
• Adoption of the certification program
– While retaining the cost model and simplicity of Ethernet
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Why is it Important for Carriers & Enterprises Alike?
The Critical Attributes of Carrier Ethernet
Standardized Services
 Same services locally & globally
Scalability
 Available to millions & a multitude of
applications
Reliability
 Rapid failure detection & recovery without
impacting mission critical applications
Quality of Service
 Granular services that match the needs of
voice, video, and data
Service Management
 Fast service provisioning and continuous
monitoring of service quality
Carrier Ethernet is a Service
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The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (1)
Attribute 1: Standardized Services
• E-Line, E-LAN provide transparent, private line, virtual
private line and multi-point to multi-point LAN services.
• A ubiquitous service providing globally & locally via
standardized equipment
• Requires no changes to customer LAN equipment or
networks and accommodates existing network connectivity
such as, time-sensitive, TDM traffic and signaling
• Ideally suited to converged voice, video & data networks
• Wide choice and granularity of bandwidth and
quality of service options
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The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (2)
Attribute 2: Scalability
• The ability for millions to use a network service that is ideal
for the widest variety of business, information,
communications and entertainment applications with voice,
video and data
• Spans Access & Metro to National & Global Services over a
wide variety of physical infrastructures implemented by a
wide range of Service Providers
• Scalability of bandwidth from 1Mbps to 10Gbps
and beyond, in granular increments
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The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (3)
Attribute 3: Reliability
• The ability for the network to detect & recover from incidents
without impacting users
• Meeting the most demanding quality and availability
requirements
• Rapid recovery time when problems do occur, as low as
50ms
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The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (4)
Attribute 4: Quality of Service
• Wide choice and granularity of bandwidth and quality of
service options
• Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that deliver end-to-end
performance matching the requirements for voice, video and
data over converged business and residential networks
• Provisioning via SLAs that provide end-to-end performance
based on CIR, frame loss, delay and delay variation
characteristics
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The 5 Attributes Carrier Ethernet (5)
Attribute 5: Service Management
• The ability to monitor, diagnose and centrally manage the
network, using standards-based vendor independent
implementations
• Carrier-class OAM
• Rapid service provisioning
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Carrier Ethernet: E-Line and E-LAN Services
E-Line Service type
E-Line Service used to create
– Ethernet Private Lines
– Virtual Private Lines
– Ethernet Internet Access
UNI
Point-to-Point EVC
UNI
CE
CE
Carrier Ethernet Network
E-LAN Service type
E-LAN Service used to create
– Multipoint L2 VPNs
– Transparent LAN Service
– Foundation for IPTV and
Multicast networks etc.
CE
UNI
Carrier Ethernet
Network
UNI
MEF certified Carrier Ethernet products
CE
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC
UNI: User Network Interface, CE: Customer Equipment, EVC: Ethernet Virtual Connection
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Carrier Ethernet: E-Tree Service
 Used for Applications requiring Point-to-Multipoint
topology
– Video on demand, internet access, triple play backhaul, mobile cell
site backhaul, franchising applications
 Provides traffic separation between ‘Leaf’ UNIs
– Traffic from any “leaf” UNI can be sent/received to/from “Root”
UNI(s) but never being forwarded
to other “Leaf” UNIs
UNI
CE
Leaf
Root
Leaf
CE
UNI
UNI
Leaf
CE
Rooted Multipoint EVC
UNI
CE
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May 2008
Carrier Ethernet Terminology
 UNI (User-to-Network Interface)
– Physical interface/demarcation between service provider and subscriber
– Service start/end point
 Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC)
– An association of two or more UNIs
 Three types of EVC
– Point-to-Point
– Multipoint-to-Multipoint
– Rooted Multipoint (Point-to-Multipoint)
 EVCs and Services
In a Carrier Ethernet network, data is transported across Point-to-Point, Point-toMultipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVCs according to the attributes and
definitions of the E-Line and E-LAN services
 NNI (Network-to-Network Interface)
– Demarcation/peering point
• Between service providers (E-NNI)
• Between service provider internal networks (I-NNI)
For full presentation of Ethernet Services visit
www.MetroEthernetForum.org/presentations.htm
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Agenda
 Carrier Ethernet Market Overview
 MEF Carrier Ethernet Significance
 MPLS - Core Technologies
 OAM – Operation Administration and Maintenance
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Metro Technologies – MPLS VPN
• VPN – Virtual Private Network
•Virtual – separate virtual network
•Private - each virtual network has private address scheme
Private
Network
MPLS VPN
Network
Private
Network
Private
Network
VPN
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Challenges – L2 Core networks
• In Layer 2 core networks QoS is not end-to-end, policing at the edge will
determine the rate for the customer. No control how traffic is forward or police
inside the L2 core network.
EVC 200
100MB
service
EVC
100, 200
EVC
100, 200
EVC
100, 200
100MB
service
100MB for EVC100
EVC 100
EVC
100, 200
EVC
100, 200
L2 core
Network
EVC
100, 200
EVC
100, 200
EVC 200
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EVC 100
The Solution - MPLS
•Scalable solution
•Resilient solution
•TE – Traffic engineering at the core
• Build on standard IP behaves like L2 core network
EVC 200
LSP
EVC 100
LER
LSR
LSR
LSR
MPLS core
Network
LSR
LSR
EVC 200
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LER
EVC 100
Basic Model for MPLS Network
IP/L2
LER
LER
LSR
IP/L2
LSR
MPLS
LSR
MPLS
LSR
LER
LSR = Label Switched Router
LER = Label Edge Router
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IP/L2
Traffic Engineering
C1
C3
C2
Layer 3 Routing
Traffic Engineering
 Move traffic from IGP path to less congested path (Spread the network traffic
across network).
 Maximize Bandwidth Utilization
 Ensure available spare link capacity for re-routing traffic on failure
 Meet policy requirements imposed by the network operator
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MPLS Benefits
 The performance characteristics of layer 2 networks
 The connectivity and network services of layer 3 networks
 Improves the price/performance of network
 provides scalability
 Provides traffic engineering
 Supports the delivery of services with QoS guarantees
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VPLS
•VPLS –Virtual Private LAN Services is the architecture to deliver Multipoint
services over MPLS network.
•VPLS in the grand scheme emulates Ethernet bridge.
VPLS
CPE
PE
P
PE
CPE
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PE
CPE
VPLS Operation
•In VPLS each customer has VPLS instance associated.
•Each PE maintains MAC table of each instance.
•All protocols from classical MPLS apply to VPLS i.e. IP routing, LDP, RSVP-TE.
•Each instance has PW and LSP associated.
•MAC address explosion can be challenge, therefore VPLS is suitable for small
install base.
CPE
PW
PW
PW
CPE
LSP Tunnel
CPE
CPE
CPE
CPE
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VPLS
CPE
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H-VPLS Operation
•H-VPLS is suitable for large deployment
•Full mesh for core only.
•Edge device running MPLS LER to the VPLS PE-HUB
•No replication of MAC’s
PE-HUB
CPE
MPLS
PE-HUB
instance
MPLS
CPE
CPE
CPE
VC
CPE
MTU
MTU
VPLS
PE-HUB
PE-HUB
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CPE
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Agenda
 Carrier Ethernet Market Overview
 MEF Carrier Ethernet Significance
 MPLS - Core Technologies
 OAM – Operation Administration and Maintenance
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End-to-end OAM in Multi-operator Networks
IEEE802.1ag CFM & ITU-T Y.1731 PM
LAN
WAN
Service Provider ( level 4)
Operator 2
( level 2)
Operator 1
( level 2)
MEP - Maintenance End Point
MEP
MEP
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MIP
MIP - Maintenance Intermediate Point
MIP
MIP
MIP
- Service Instance Maintenance Association
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MIP
MEP
Connectivity Fault Management – 802.1ag / Y.1731
Fault Detection
Continuity Check
Fault Verification
Loopback
Fault Isolation
Linktrace
Protocol
Continuity
Check
Loopback
Linktrace
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Industry
Abbreviation
Frame Type
Continuity Check
Message
CCM
Multicast –
unidirectional
Loopback Message
LBM
Unicast
Loopback Reply
LBR
Unicast
Linktrace Message
Linktrace Reply
LTM
LRM
Multicast
Multicast
Message Name
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Protocol Use
Fault Detection,
misconfigurations &
service discovery
Fault detection,
verification & PM
measurement
Fault Isolation
Connectivity Check Message (CCM)
 CCM enables fault management, performance measurement and binding to service
protection (LOS/LIN)
 CCM configurable rate (default 1 frame/sec)
 Counters for CCM frames (transmitted, received & errors)
 CCM fault & alarm hierarchy
MEP
Site 2
MIP
Site 1
MEP
MEP
Metro Network
CCM messages
(keep alive)
– CCM messages are multicast for P2P and P2MP services
– Doesn’t require response
– Recorded for service discovery, connectivity & performance measurement
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Loopback Message (LBM) – Layer 2 Ping
 Loopback is a Unicast message to verify connectivity or fault to remote MEP or MIP
(request/reply)
 LBM transmission enables bidirectional verification
 LBM is per service – per VLAN loopback with MAC swap function
– Configurations can be per number of LB messages
– Interval between LB messages, loopback packet length, timeout and priority
field
MEP
Site 2
LBM
MIP
Site 1
MEP
MEP
LBR
Metro Network
LB messages
(Request/reply)
– LBM messages are Unicast
– Configuration defined for remote MEP or MIP (MAC or remote ID MEP)
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Link Trace Message (LTM) – Layer 2 Traceroute
 Link TRace is a multicast message to isolate connectivity or fault to remote MEP or
MIP (request/reply)
MEP
LTM
Site 2
MIP
Site 1
MEP
MIP
MIP
Metro Network
MEP
LTR
LT messages
(Request/reply)
– LTR messages are multicast
– Configuration defined for remote service entities
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Performance Management (PM) - ITU-T Y.1731
 MEP use Unicast LB messages to measure - pro-active/periodically P2P service
performance
 Performance messages enable
– Latency, loss measurement - Two-way
– Jitter – Two-way and one-way
– Separate PM tests can be operated, each with diffserv class+marking & packet
lengths
MEP
Site 2
LBM
MIP
Site 1
MEP
MEP
LBR
Metro Network
Delay, Jitter & loss
– Loopback and PM messages used for performance measurement
– Configuration defined for remote MEP or MIP (MAC or remote ID MEP)
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Built-in Traffic Generator for SLA Measurement
 Enables automated testing tool for SLA baseline at wires-speed from demarcation
device based on RFC2544 methodology
– Throughput – up to GigE rate & Jumbo frames
– Latency/Jitter
– Frame loss rate
Test pattern on real-time VoIP Service
– Back-to-back frames
Test pattern on high-priority Data Service
Each virtual service on tested interface can be tested independently
by non-intrusive loopbacks
Latency, Jitter and loss
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