Transcript Slide 1

CineGrid for Digital Cinema and Beyond
Tom DeFanti
Research Scientist
California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
University of California, San Diego
Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science
University of Illinois at Chicago
The CineGrid Initiative
• CineGrid is an initiative to provide media professionals
access to global cyber-infrastructure capable of carrying
ultra-high performance digital media using the photonic
networks, middleware, transport protocols and
collaboration tools originally developed for scientific
research, visualization, and Grid computing.
• In the process, “learn by doing,” train the next generation,
and cultivate global inter-disciplinary communities to help
advance the state of the art
• CineGrid is people, facilities, networks and a not-for-profit
organization
Economic Impact of Cinema in California
Major Employment from Movie Industry in California by County
In 2004, more than 236
new movies were
produced in the State of
California.
In 2005 movie
production provided
employment for over
245,000 Californians,
with an associated
payroll of more than $17
billion.
Typical big movies each
spend more than $60
million on production,
have a long-term $200
million economic
impact, create more than
900 full-time jobs, and
yield $11 million in state
sales taxes and income
taxes when fully made in
California.
http://www.google.com/maps?q=http://research.calit2.net/a2i/ca.kmz
CENIC Already Connects
California Schools and Research Labs
SFSU
• Systems developed for
CineGrid can be applied to
scientific visualization and
distance learning in many
fields
• Useful information exchange
between communities looking
at “extreme” digital media
problems from different
perspectives
• CineGrid demonstrations will
focus developers, driving a
virtuous cycle of “learning by
doing”
USC
Calit2
UCI
Calit2
UCSD
The CineGrid Node at UCSD/Calit2
200 Seats, 8.2 Sound, Sony SXRD 4K
projector, SGI Prism w/21TB, 10GE
connectivity, NTT JPEG 2000 codecs
The CineGrid Node at Keio University, Tokyo Japan
Olympus
4K Cameras
Sony 4K Projectors
Imagica 4K
Film Scanner
SXRD-105
4K Projector
NTT JPEG2000 Codec
SAGE OptIPortal Software:
10 Wireless Laptop Users All Pushing Their Desktops to the EVL
OptIPortal--Goal is a Distributed Gigapixel in 2007
A possible model for 4K workflow?
Source: Luc
Renambot, EVL
CineGrid Infrastructure
Cisco is building two 10 GigE "Cisco Waves”
on NLR on the West Coast and switches for
access points in San Diego, Los Angeles,
Sunnyvale, & Seattle for CineGrid
Tokyo
Seattle
Toronto
Chicago
CENIC is making available persistent 1 GigE
access ports in San Diego, Los Angeles,
Sunnyvale, & San Francisco for CineGrid and
the fiber for 2x10GigE between UCSD and LA
Sunnyvale
Los Angeles
CalIT2
San Diego
Via GLIF, CineGrid extends to Japan via Seattle &
Chicago; to Canada via Seattle & Chicago;
to Europe via Chicago & Amsterdam.
Further extension likely to China, Korea, Singapore,
India, New Zealand, Australia, others.
CineGrid Cisco 6506
10GigE Cisco NLR Wave
1& 10 GigE CENIC Waves
IEEAF Wave via PNWGP/TLEX
CAVEwave (CENIC and NLR via PNWGP)
JGN2
CA*net4
CineGrid Drivers
• High-performance media is historically driven by three markets
– 1) Entertainment, media, art and culture
– 2) Science, medicine, education and research
– 3) Military, intelligence, security and police
• All three are in digital convergence and all need:
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Fast networking with similar profiles
Access shared instruments, specialized computers and massive storage
Collaboration tools for distributed, remote teams
Robust security to protect intellectual property
Upgraded systems to allow higher quality, greater speed, more distributed
applications
– A next generation of trained professionals
CineGrid Target Applications
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Store-and-forward secure content delivery
Streaming secure content transmission
Pre-production collaborative design & planning
Studio and remote production of sound and picture
Digital dailies, interactive viewing & mark-up
Distributed post production of audio/video
Digital film scanning and restoration
Digital media archiving
Remote calibration and quality control of audio/video
Education of next generation professionals
These and other CineGrid applications will challenge the
engineering of networked systems at every level
DCI Digital Cinema Specification
2005
“DIGITAL CINEMA INITIATIVES (DCI) ANNOUNCES FINAL OVERALL SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR DIGITAL CINEMA
Agreement Gives Manufacturers of Digital Projectors and Theater Equipment
One Universal Standard in Creating the Next Generation of Cinemas
(Hollywood, CA - July 27, 2005)
Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) is a joint venture of Disney, Fox,
Paramount, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Universal and Warner Bros.
Studios. DCI's primary purpose is to establish and document voluntary
specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a
uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality
control.”
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Image format: 2048x1080 (2K) and 4096x2160 (4K)
Color: 12-bits/color, 4:4:4, SMPTE XYZ
Frame rate: 24fps or 48fps for stereo
Compression: JPEG 2000 up to maximum of 250 Mbps for distribution
Encryption: AES 128 for Digital Cinema Package; SHA-2 (256bit) for Key
Watermarking: invisible injection of time/screen ID in projected image
More: TV and Motion Picture Bit Rates
(Data from Laurin Herr, Pacific Interface, Inc.)
Format
frame
size in
pixels
Mpixels frame
per
rate
frame
Mpixels
per
second
frame color
bits per frame
aspect encoding pixel
rate
ratio
uncompressed
bit rate
compressed
bit rate
1.5 Gbps (HD-SDI DVCPRO HD @
aka "single link"
100 Mbps
aka SMPTE 292M)
1.5 Gbps (HD-SDI HDCAM @ 140
aka "single link"
Mbps
aka SMPTE 292M)
3.0 Gbps (so-called HDCAM SR @
"dual link" = 2 x HD- 440 Mbps
SDI)
(Cameron's
format for
Battle Angels)
HD INSTEAD OF FILM
720p/24
1280x72 0.92
0
24
22.1
16x9 = YPbPr
1.77
4:2:2
8 or 10
24
1080p/24
1920x10 2.1
80
24
50.4
16x9 = YPbPr
1.77
4:2:2
8 or 10
24
1080p/24
1920x10 2.1
80
24
50.4
16x9 = RGB 4:4:4 8 or 10
1.77
24
DCI DIGITAL CINEMA
2K
2048x10 2.2
80
24
53.1
1.896
SMPTE
12
XYZ 4:4:4
24
1.9 Gbps, but using JPEG 2000 @
dual link interface 125-250 Mbps
= 3.0 Gbps
4K
24
212.3
1.896
SMPTE
12
XYZ 4:4:4
24
7.6 Gbps, but using JPEG 200 @ 200
4x single link
- 400 Mbps
interface = 6.0
Gbps; or 4x dual
link = 12.0 Gbps
DIGITAL CINEMA POST PRODUCTION
4K Open EXR
4096x21 8.8
24
60
212.3
1.896
RGBA
4:4:4:4
24
13.6 Gbps
4096x21 8.8
60
16
LZW or other
lossless
only(post
production
format proposed
by ILM/Pixar)
Engineering CineGrid Example
Test your existing
network connection
to Calit2, for
example.
Use IPERF several
times to test UDP
and TCP
performance.
If performance is
sub-gigabit/s, use
NLR and CENIC,
for example, to
connect to Calit2.
You
Engineering CineGrid: 2
Create a new vlan
for your local
network
This will bypass
local firewalls,
expose local
switches’
capabilities,
motivate new
fiber/copper runs,
allow fat UDP
Remember, GigE
is more than most
campuses or
businesses
connect to the
outside.
You
Engineering CineGrid: 3
Either extend
this new vlan to
Calit2 or route
this local vlan to
a shared vlan
with Calit2.
This obviously
takes great
cooperation
among the
institutions and
circuit owners.
CineGrid is ALL
about arranging
cooperation.
You
Engineering CineGrid: 4
Ensure all vlans
support Maximum
Transmission Unit
(mtu) of 9216
(“jumbo frame
enabled”).
Ensure all
physical
interfaces have
mtu 9216 support
as well.
You
Engineering CineGrid: 5
Set up at least
one IP interface
to the vlan.
Test the end-toend connection
again with
IPERF.
IP interface
You
Engineering CineGrid: Finale
Send / receive
content
IP interface
Source: Brian Dunne, Calit2
You
CineGrid.org Starting in 2007
• CineGrid will be established as a non-profit international
membership organization administratively based in
California, starting early 2007.
• To support members’ research, CineGrid will organize
network testbeds prepared to host a variety of experimental
digital media projects designed to require very high
bandwidth with appropriate security safeguards between a
limited number of “trusted” users and systems around the
globe.
• CineGrid will periodically organize inter-disciplinary
workshops and demonstrations to share results and identify
new avenues of research. Education and training of nextgeneration media professionals is our explicit goal.
Thank You Very Much!
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Our planning, research, and education efforts are made possible, in major part, by
funding from:
– US National Science Foundation (NSF) awards ANI-0225642, EIA-0115809, and
SCI-0441094
– State of California, Calit2 UCSD Division
– State of Illinois I-WIRE Program, and major UIC cost sharing
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Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University for StarLight and I-WIRE
networking and management
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National Lambda Rail, Pacific Wave and CENIC
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NTT Network Innovations Lab
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Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Pacific Interface, Inc.
CineGrid Networking
As Prototyped by the OptIPuter Project
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4K JPEG2000 compressed video is 500Mb/s—peaks to a gigabit/s
Uncompressed needs 6Gb/s or more
Most campus networks use 10-100Mb/s lans to labs. Some have 1Gb/s.
Most campus networks have 155Mb/s, 622Mb/s or 1Gb/s connections
– Internet connectivity is usually 10s to 100s of Mb/s
– Internet2 connectivity is usually 100s of Mb/s to 1Gb/s
– A few campuses have 10Gb/s connectivity to Internet2 and/or NLR
Future connections will widely support 10Gb/s, but not today
However, bandwidth is not the only issue
– Need to use protocols that handle the bandwidth (UDP, not TCP)
– It’s rude to use large-flow UDP on shared networks
– Firewalls are a problem; large-flows are often shut down
– Need fiber/copper to the end device(s) from the campus main switch
So, at this point, we use virtual local area network (vlan) “layer2” tech
– Arguably not scalable, but works, controllable by GMPLS
– MPLS has been shown to work as well (with big core routers)