Transcript Securing Windows Server 2008

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows
Server 2008 Network Infrastructure
Configuration
Chapter 10
Securing Windows Server 2008
Objectives
• Manage security in Windows Server 2008 with
various Windows utilities
• Discuss threats to Internet Protocol Security
• Create Internet Protocol Security policies
• Discuss Network Access Protection
• Install Network Access Protection
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Managing Security in Server 2008
• Tools for managing network security
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Security Configuration Wizard
Windows Firewall
Encrypting File System
BitLocker
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
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Security Configuration Wizard
• Security Configuration Wizard (SCW)
– Provides a step-by-step wizard for hardening your
network servers
• Security policies can be created for:
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Role-based service configuration
Network security
Registry settings
Audit policy
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Security Configuration Wizard
(continued)
• Activity 10-1: Creating a Role-Based Security
Policy
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Create a security policy using the SCW
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Windows Firewall
• Allows users to turn the firewall off or on
• By default, Windows Firewall is turned on and
allows exceptions for programs and ports
• Allows you to create exceptions for inbound traffic
• Exception
– Instruction to open a port briefly, allow a program or
service to pass information, and then close the port
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Activity 10-2: Working with Windows Firewall
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Become familiar with the Windows
Firewall interface
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Windows Firewall with Advanced Security
– Provides a more robust interface for managing the
firewall policies in detail
– Used to manage Windows Firewall based on port,
services, applications, and protocols
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Activity 10-3: Working with WFAS
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Modify an inbound rule
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Windows Firewall with Advanced Security Console
– Can be used to manage the following areas
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Inbound rules
Outbound rules
Connection security rules
Monitoring
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Activity 10-4: Creating a New Firewall Rule
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Create a firewall rule
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Windows Server 2008 uses the following network
profiles
– Public
– Private
– Domain
• Deploying Windows Firewall Settings via Group
Policy
– WFAS allows you to import or export firewall
policies
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Activity 10-5: Configuring Firewall Rules with
Network Profiles
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure firewall rules with network
profiles
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Windows Firewall (continued)
• Activity 10-6: Working with Firewall Policies in the
Group Policy Management Editor
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Using Group Policy objects and firewall
policies to deploy firewall settings
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Encrypting File Services
• Symmetric encryption
– Uses a single key and is faster and more efficient
than public key encryption
• Public key (asymmetric) encryption
– Each user has a public key available to everyone
and a private key known only to the user
• EFS in Windows Server 2008
– When a user encrypts a file, a symmetric file
encryption key (FEK) is generated that EFS uses to
encrypt the file
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Encrypting File Services (continued)
• Activity 10-7: Working with cipher.exe
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Using cipher.exe with EFS
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Encrypting File Services (continued)
• Activity 10-8: Using Windows Explorer to Encrypt
Files with EFS
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure file and folder encryption
through the graphical user interface (GUI)
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BitLocker
• Provides hard drive–based encryption of servers
and Windows Vista computers
• Encrypts entire Windows system volume of a
computer running Windows Server 2008
• Designed to enhance protection against data theft
or exposure on computers that are lost or stolen
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BitLocker (continued)
• Four authentication modes used by BitLocker
– BitLocker with a TPM
– BitLocker with Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive
in place of TPM
– BitLocker with a TPM and a personal identification
number (PIN)
– BitLocker with a TPM and a USB flash drive
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BitLocker (continued)
• Installing BitLocker
– Hard drive that supports BitLocker needs to be
configured before installing BitLocker
– BitLocker requires at least 1.5 GB of unallocated or
available drive space
– System volume is responsible for maintaining the
unencrypted boot information
– Boot volume will contain the OS files and be
encrypted by BitLocker
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BitLocker (continued)
• Activity 10-9: Installing the BitLocker and the
BitLocker Drive
• Preparation Tool in Windows Server 2008
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Install the BitLocker and BitLocker Drive
Preparation tool
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BitLocker (continued)
• Activity 10-10: Configuring BitLocker to Use a USB
Flash Drive
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Configure BitLocker to use a USB flash
drive
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Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
• Excellent tool for performing an initial analysis of
your current security setup
• When MBSA scans a computer, it creates a report
that is organized into the following areas
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Security Assessment
Security Update Scan Results
Windows Scan Results
Internet Information Services (IIS) Scan Results
SQL Server Scan Results
Desktop Application Scan Results
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Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
(continued)
• Scanning a computer with MBSA
– You can perform MBSA scans using:
• The GUI-based tool
• The mbsacli.exe command- line tool
– One requirement of MBSA is Internet connectivity
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Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
(continued)
• Activity 10-11: Working with MBSA
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Analyze Windows Server 2008 with
MBSA
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Internet Protocol Security
• An open-standards framework for securing network
communications
• IPSec meets three basic goals
– Authentication
– Integrity
– Confidentiality
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IPSec Threats
• Depending on the configuration of IPSec, it
provides protection from the following threats
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Data tampering
Denial of service
Identity spoofing
Man-in-the-middle attacks
Repudiation
Network traffic sniffing
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How IPSec Works
• IPSec modes of operation
– Transport mode
– Tunnel mode
• Scenarios available when deploying IPSec
– Site to site
– Client to client
– Client to site
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How IPSec Works (continued)
• IPSec security association modes
– IPSec uses the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) to
negotiate security protocols
– IKE generates the encryption and authentication
keys used by IPSec for the transaction
– IPSec performs transactions in two phases
• Main mode/Phase 1
• Quick mode/Phase 2
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How IPSec Works (continued)
• IPSec security methods
– IPSec uses two security services
• Encapsulating Security Payload
• Authentication Header
• IPSec policies
– Can be managed with the following tools
• WFAS, IP Security Policy snap-in
• Netsh, GPME
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How IPSec Works (continued)
• Activity 10-12: Creating an IPSec Policy for Domain
Isolation
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Use IPSec to isolate domain computers
from nondomain computers
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How IPSec Works (continued)
• Activity 10-13: Creating an IPSec Policy for Serverto-Server Communications
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Use IPSec to secure communication
between two hosts
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Network Authentication in Windows
Server 2008
• Server 2008 supports the following authentication
protocols to some degree
– LAN Manager authentication
– NTLM version 1 authentication
– NTLM version 2 authentication
• All forms of NTLM use the challenge-response
protocol
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Introduction to Network Access
Protection
• NAP can be broken into three parts
– Health policy validation
– Health policy compliance
– Access limitation
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NAP Terminology
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Enforcement Client
Enforcement Server
Host Credential Authorization Protocol
Health Registration Authority
Network Policy Server
Remediation Server
System Health Agent
System Health Validator
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NAP Enforcement Methods
• The five types of NAP enforcement methods used
by NAP
– 802.1x-authenticated connections
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
address configurations
– IPSec communications
– Terminal Services Gateway (TS Gateway)
connections
– Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections
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Implementing NAP
• NAP
– Designed by Microsoft to allow you to customize it to
meet the unique needs of your networks
– Implementing and configuring NAP differs from
network to network based on requirements and
policies
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Installing NAP
• NAP is part of the NPS role
• To install NAP components
– Add the NPS role either through the Role Services
Wizard or from the command line using
servermanagercmd.exe
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Installing NAP (continued)
• Activity 10-14: Installing and Configuring NAP
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install NAP and configure a NAP policy
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Summary
• The SCW
– Guides you through the steps of hardening your
network servers
• Windows Firewall
– Provides inbound and outbound traffic enforcement
through the Windows Firewall and WFAS consoles
• EFS
– Microsoft’s built-in service for providing folder- and
file-level encryption
• BitLocker
– Provides hard drive–based encryption of servers
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Summary (continued)
• At startup
– BitLocker performs a system integrity authentication
prior to booting into the OS
• MBSA
– Scans single or multiple computers on a network
and lets you view existing security scan reports
• IPSec
– An open-standards framework for securing network
communications
– Works at the network layer of the OSI model
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Summary (continued)
• On Windows networks
– Windows Server 2008 uses Kerberos as its default
authentication method in Active Directory domains
• To use NAP policies
– A client must be a part of the NAP infrastructure on a
network
• The HRA
– Distributes health certificates to NAP clients that
comply with network health Requirements
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