Transcript Smart Grid - An Energizing Opportunity

Smart Grid – An Energizing
Opportunity
March 30, 2011
MTA Conference
Mark J. Mrla, P.E.
&
Dean L. Mischke, P.E.
Finley Engineering Company, Inc.
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Agenda
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What is a Smart Grid
Driving Factors
Terms
Home Networks
Utility Company Options
How Do We Serve The Power Industry
"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."
--Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
"Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons."
--Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of
science, 1949
"But what ... is it good for?"
--Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of
IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip.
"Who in their right mind would ever need more than 640k of ram!?"
-- Bill Gates, 1981
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What is a Smart Grid
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What Smart Grid is not!
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It is not just smart meters
It is not just green energy
It is not just time-of-use rate structure
It is not just HVAC shedding in the summer
It is not just distribution automation systems
What is a Smart Grid
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What Smart Grid is!
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A smart grid applies technologies, tools and techniques
available now to bring knowledge to power – knowledge
capable of making the grid work far more efficiently, reliably...
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Ensuring its reliability to degrees never before possible
Maintaining its affordability
Reinforcing our global competitiveness
Fully accommodating renewable and traditional energy sources
Potentially reducing our carbon footprint
Introducing advancements and efficiencies yet to be envisioned
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What is a Smart Grid
According to William Parks from the DOE, a Smart Grid would:
•Accommodate all types of central and distributed electric generation and storage.
•Provide for power quality for a range of needs by all types of consumers.
•Optimize asset utilization and operating efficiency of the electric power system.
•Anticipate and respond to system disturbances.
•Operate resiliently to attacks and natural disasters
•Enable informed participation by consumers in retail and wholesale
electricity markets.
•Enable new products, services, and markets.
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STATEMENT OF WILLIAM PARKS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT AND HAWAII LIAISON FOR ELECTRICITY DELIVERY AND ENERGY RELIABILITY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
UNITED STATES SENATE. AUGUST 24, 2009
Power Generation
(1) Generation
Coal, Nuclear, Wind,
Solar, Hydro, Geothermal,
Tidal, Natural Gas, etc.
Transmission
System
(2) Delivery
Smart Grid Impacts
Economics
Reliability
Environmental
Consumer Involvement
(3) Consumer
Distribution
System
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Meters – Residential, Commercial, Industrial
Power Production
Gasoline, Diesel,
Ethanol, Propane,
Electric, Solar, etc.
Automobile & Electric Power
System – Similar Evolutions
Coal, Nuclear, Wind,
Solar, Hydro,
Geothermal, Tidal,
Natural Gas, etc.
Transmission
System
Generation
Delivery
Impacts
Economics
Reliability
Environmental
Consumer Involvement
Consumer
Distribution
System
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Think About Computers Involved with:
Automobile Engines
Emissions Systems
Power Control Systems
Temperature Control Systems
Pressure Control Systems
Fuel Efficiency Systems
Electric Power Plants
Transmission / Drivetrain
Transmission / Distribution
Gearbox Systems
Traction Control Systems
Antilock Breaking Systems
Ride Control Systems
Fuel Efficiency Systems
Driver Info & Involvement
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Fuel Efficiency Feedback
Tire Pressure Feedback
Traction Control
Antilock Breaking System
Emissions Systems
Power Control Systems
Temperature Control Systems
Pressure Control Systems
Fuel Efficiency Systems
Ground Fault Systems
Breaker Reclosing Systems
Reactive Power Control Systems
Frequency Control Systems
Voltage Control Systems
Consumer Info & Involvement
Time of Day Power Usage
Appliance / Load Control Systems
Time of Use Electric Rate Structure
Feedback on Outage Time Estimates
Generation Driving Factors
Watts
Peak Power Shaving
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Time
Generation Driving Factors
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Prohibitive Cost to Build – $2.3B for Oak Creek New Steam
Unit
Environmental Permitting – Tied up in courts (NIMBY)
 Even “Green” systems are not immune
Power
Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Regulations
Generation
Mandated Green Energy Creates problems
 May not be available when needed
Coal, Nuclear, Wind,
 Does not eliminate Spinning Reserves
Solar, Hydro, Geothermal,
Tidal, Natural Gas, etc.
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Transmission Driving Factors
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Prohibitive Cost to Build
 $3M/mile - Madison to La Crosse
 $7M/mile for 6 miles in Kenosha
County
Green Power exists in low population
areas
Environmental Permitting – Tied up in
courts (NIMBY)
 Superior to Wausau
http://www.ilbinc.com/Services/OverheadTransmission.aspx
Distribution Driving Factors
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Lack of Monitoring
 Power Companies do not find
out a local branch is down until
someone complains
The local distribution network
covers a very large geographical area
Old Equipment
http://craigsland.com/Plot.aspx?plotID=32
Consumer Driving Factors
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Power Company Viewpoint:
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Lack of Monitoring
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Desire to find ways to encourage consumers to shift loads to offpeak
Consumer Viewpoint:
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Power Companies do not find out a customer is down until
someone complains
Unable to detect quality issues until something is damaged
Want to manage cost
Make changes remotely
Reliability – A Central Focus
Outage Management
System (OMS)
Supervisory Control
& Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Distribution Systems
Transmission Systems
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Generation Systems
Meter Data
Management
System (MDMS)
Customer
Information System
(CIS)
Interactive Voice
Response System
(IVR)
Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI)
Reliability – A Central Focus
Outage Management
System (OMS)
Supervisory Control
& Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Distribution Systems
Transmission Systems
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Generation Systems
Meter Data
Management
System (MDMS)
Customer
Information System
(CIS)
Possible Data
Communications
Opportunities
Interactive Voice
Response System
(IVR)
Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI)
Some Consumer-End Smart
Grid Terms
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PCT
(programmable communicating thermostats)
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IHD
(in-home display)
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LCM (load control module)
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HAN (home area network)
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PLC/BPL/DLC (power line carrier, broadband over power line,
distribution line carrier)
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AMI
(advanced metering infrastructure)
Home Automation Standards Examples
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ZigBee
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Z-Wave 900 MHz Wireless Mesh
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160 Manufacturers
Proprietary
Low Power
HomePlug Command and Control
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2.4GHz Wireless Mesh
Based on IEEE 802.15.4 (wireless communications used in home, building and
industrial controls)
Based on IEEE 1901 Broadband over Power Line Networks
1901.2 for Home Networks for Smart Grid operates in the 500 kHz range and has a
throughput of 500 kbps
Operates on lines with voltages up to 1000 V at ranges up to several kilometers
Consumer Communications Example
ZigBee Specification - Suite of high level communication
protocols
• Low cost
• Low power
• 2-way communications
• Used typically for homes, buildings, controls/sensors
• Range of 50 meters, but varies greatly
• Based around IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standards
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Consumer Communications Examples
With a smart
meter
present
RF (towers, wireless mesh,....)
Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)
PLC / BPL / DLC
Home Area Network
• ZigBee
• Wi-Fi (802.11)
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Utility Office
HAN Communications Example
With a smart
meter
present
Smart Meter
RF (towers, wireless mesh,....)
Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)
PLC / BPL / DLC
Home Area Network (HAN)
• ZigBee
• Wi-Fi (802.11)
Utility Office
LCM
Thermostat
IHD
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Home
Device
Thermostats and In-Home Displays
Examples of vendors/products on the market:
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ICM Controls (SimpleComfort)
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Honeywell (Prestige HD Thermostats)
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HAI – Home Automation, Inc. (Omnistat2)
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Tendril (Set Point)
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ecobee (ecobee Smart Thermostat)
AMI / Smart Meter System Suppliers
Examples of vendors with systems on the market:
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Elster
- GE
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Sensus
- Echelon
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ITRON
- Silver Spring Networks
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Landis+Gyr
Utility Communications Examples
Paging Network
Cell Phone Network
Internet
Utility Office
Without a
smart meter
present
Home Area Network
LCM
Home
Device
Thermostat / IHD
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Utility Communications Examples
RF/Wireless (towers, mesh network,....)
Telecom Facilities (fiber, copper, wireless)
PLC / BPL / DLC
Utility Office
With a
smart
meter
present
Smart
Meter
Home Area Network
LCM
Home
Device
Thermostat / IHD
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Communications Infrastructure
Utility New Investment
RF/Wireless (towers, mesh networks,....)
PLC / BPL / DLC
Fiber
Telecom Existing Investment
Fiber, Copper, Wireless
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Utility Office
What are Power Utilities Looking
for in a Data Network?
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Security
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Ubiquitous Coverage
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An outage may cause significant equipment damage and may be a
hazard to life
Low Cost
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The Utility typically covers a much larger service area than the
communications providers
Reliability
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The system must not be capable of being hacked
The system needs to cost less than their designated recovery
threshold
Very Low Bit Rates
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100s of bps but from lots of devices
What are their Options?
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Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)
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Cellular Wireless
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Only works in urban areas, used in conjunction with BPL
Data Network Provider
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Near universal availability, relatively expensive per node,
WiFi
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Troublesome, low throughput, transformers, someone will figure it
out
Power Utilities are just now starting to investigate this option
Telecom Infrastructure
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Rapid growth in consumer bandwidth requirements
Rapid replacement/upgrade of telecom infrastructure
Higher bandwidth requirements are driving increased use of
fiber
With fiber, future bandwidth increase requires only new
electronics
Fiber as medium for many purposes – voice, data, video, etc.
Nearly all facilities with an electric meter, also contain telecom
infrastructure
Where Are We Now?
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Technology exists in Telecommunications to service most all
diversities of Smart Grid platforms. (Bandwidth requirements)
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However – At what cost?
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Can a Normal Business Model sustain the needed infrastructure?
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Are “Our” customers on board?
Where Are We Now?
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On the Power side of Smart Grid advancement. Extensive
advancement in Electronically Mapped Distribution
technologies and numerous Automatic Meter Reading installs
have set the stage for upcoming Smart Grid projects.
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However, at what cost?
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Back to the Business Model----Sorry.
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What about Distributed Generation, Wind Power etc…
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How would a Federally Mandated RPS help promote Smart Grid?
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Data Circuits of Old
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Circuits
Special equipment – Added expense
Regulated – NECA Tariffed rates
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High Cost
Few circuits were deployed – Staff had little
experience with the equipment
Long copper loops – Difficult to troubleshoot
When they worked, they were very stable
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Data Circuits Today – Broadband The Primary Circuit
of Today
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Data is what we do – Voice is the declining market
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90% of recent investment revolves around data
8kFt DSL Loops
– Wireless
– FTTH
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Redundancy is now standard in IP network designs – five 9s (351.36
seconds of outage per year)
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Data Circuits Today – Broadband The Primary
Circuit of Today
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Data is what we do – Voice is the declining market
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IPTV has been the driving factor in data network improvements
Video is watched closely
– Disturbances to video circuits very noticeable
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Staffing has been concentrated around IP experience/training
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Traditional CO staff is extensively IP focused
IP experience is provided all the way to the house
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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DSL Circuits
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Advantages:
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Disadvantages:
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Relatively Low Cost – Works on existing copper
Mature Technology – Know how to make it work
Long reach at low bandwidth – 50kbps at 18kft
Point-to-Point
Data rates hindered by noise, especially at longer distances
Less reliable than fiber services
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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FTTH Circuits
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Advantages:
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Disadvantages:
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Mature Technology – Know how to make it work
Long reach at any bandwidth – 100Mbps at 40km
Point-to-Point is very secure
GPON is also secure
Very high service reliability
Very High Cost – Typically requires all new facilities
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
VoIP, Data to
remote
customers
• Wireless
Networks
– Bandwidth
dependant on
range
– Transmitter
nodes are
typically fiber
fed
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Central
Office
700 MHz, Cellular,
WiFi, etc.Transmitter
Bidirectional
Optical Node
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Wireless Circuits
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Advantages:
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Disadvantages:
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Fast to deploy
Long reach at low bandwidth
Can be low cost if the infrastructure is in place
Limited range depending on frequency, Line-of-Sight
Growth of wireless data networks has pushed up costs
Reliability can be a factor
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Conclusions
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Communication Company Broadband Advantages:
 Gain access to a trained work force that already works in the
home
 The network may already exist all the way to the home
 Can be low cost if the infrastructure is in place
Communication Company Broadband Disadvantages:
 100% broadband coverage does not exist today
 Return on Investment for Communications Company may be
limited
 The need for the Power Utility to deal with a third party
How Do We Serve the Power Industry
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Conclusions
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Pick the low hanging fruit first
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Look to serve the Substations
There are not very many Substations
– Many local Power Utilities are not ready to collect very much information from
the consumer yet
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Look to serve the larger Commercial Clients
Most likely, you are already there
– They can actually affect the Utility’s usage and save money
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Form partnerships to create a group that can cover substantial
portions of the Power Utility’s service area
We need Partnership Now
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Our paths have now converged – Power—Telecom
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Not just servicing each other as in the past.
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While Technologies have, and continue to advance – Has
the Level of Cooperation to package our capabilities moved
at the same pace?
Thank You!!
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