Transcript 2 persian wars 15-16 - Suffolk Public Schools Blog

PERSIAN WARS
I. RULE IN GREECE
A. INTRODUCTION
1. POLIS - CITY AND THE
SURROUNDING COUNTRY
(CITY STATE)
a. 50 - 500 SQUARE MILES
b. OFTEN FEWER THAN
10,000
…INTRO
c. AGORA - PUBLIC
SQUARE FOR TRADE &
GOVT.
d. ACROPOLIS FORTIFIED HILLTOP
MODEL OF ATHENIAN ACROPOLIS
B. POLITICAL
STRUCTURES
1. EVOLUTION
(DEVELOPMENT OF GOVT.)
a) MONARCHY - RULE BY A
KING
b) ARISTOCRACY - RULE
BY NOBILITY (DYNASTIC)
…GOVT
c) OLIGARCHY – RULE BY
A FEW POWERFUL
PEOPLE
C. TYRANTS
1. NOBILITY WHO SEIZED
CONTROL
2. WORKED FOR THE INTEREST
OF THE PEOPLE
3. TYRANNY – GAINING POWER
AND RULING BY FORCE
II. ATHENS
A. INTRODUCTION
1. LOCATION
a.) ROCKY HILLSIDE
NORTH OF SPARTA
b.) ATTICA PENINSULA
…INTRO
2. REFORM
a) POWER STRUGGLE
BETWEEN RICH & POOR
b) MOVED TOWARDS
DEMOCRACY
…INTRO
c) CITIZENS PARTICIPATED
DIRECTLY IN DECISIONS
(DIRECT DEMOCRACY)
B. POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. MONARCHY >
ARISTOCRACY >
TYRANNY> DEMOCRACY
(MATD)
2. DEMOCRACY – GOV’T
WHERE CITIZENS HOLD
POWER
…DEMOCRACY
a.) CITIZEN - A PERSON WHO
COULD TAKE PART IN
GOVERNMENT. (FREE ADULT
MALES)
b.) CITIZENS WERE EXPECTED
TO TAKE PART IN
GOVERNMENT
…DEMOCRACY
c.) LAND OWNERSHIP
REQUIRED AT FIRST
d.) ALL OTHERS
(1.) FEW RIGHTS
..DEMOCRACY
(2.) SLAVES - 1/3 OF
POPULATION
(3.) WOMEN - EXPECTED
TO TAKE CARE OF
HOUSEHOLD & FAMILY
…DEMOCRACY
3. CLASSICAL ATHENS
DEVELOPED THE MOST
DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM.
BECAME THE
FOUNDATION OF MODERN
DEMOCRACY
…DEMOCRACY
a.) DEVELOPED DIRECT
DEMOCRACY - EACH CITIZEN
HAD INPUT INTO ALL
DECISION MAKING
b.) INPUT OCCURRED AT
AGORA IN OPEN PUBLIC
DEBATE
C. BUILDING DEMOCRACY
( THE TYRANTS)
1. DRACO
a. FIRST GREEK LEGAL CODE
b. HARSH & APPLIED TO ALL
(HAMMURABI)
c. RETAINED DEBT SLAVERY
…LAWS

For one penalty was assigned to
almost all transgressions,
namely death, so that even
those convicted of idleness
were put to death, and those
who stole salad or fruit received
the same punishment as those
who committed sacrilege or
murder.
…TYRANTS
2. SOLON
a. OUTLAWED DEBT
SLAVERY
b. ORGANIZED CITIZENS
INTO 4 CLASSES
…TYRANTS
c. TOP 3 HELD OFFICE
d. ALL COULD
PARTICIPATE IN
ASSEMBLY
…TYRANTS
3. PESISTRATUS
a.) LOANED MONEY FOR
FARMING
b.) GAVE JOBS TO POOR
BY BUILDING
…TYRANTS
4. CLEISTHENES
a.) ORGANIZED CITIZENS
BY LOCATION VS. WEALTH
b.) ALL CITIZENS COULD
SUBMIT LAWS TO
ASSEMBLY
…TYRANTS
C.) CREATED COUNCIL OF
500
(1.) PROPOSED LAW
(2.) COUNSELED THE
ASSEMBLY
(3.) CHOSEN BY LOTTERY
…TYRANTS
d. RESTRICTIONS
(1) SMALL NUMBER WERE
CITIZENS
(2) ONLY ADULT MALES
CITIZENS
…TYRANTS
(3) SLAVES – 1/3 OF
POPULATION
(4) WOMEN – EXPECTED
TO TAKE CARE OF
FAMILY
D. ATHENIAN
EDUCATION
1. BOYS
a) ONLY WEALTHY
b) READING, GRAMMAR,
POETRY, HISTORY, MATH,
MUSIC, PUBLIC SPEAKING
c) MILITARY SCHOOL
…EDUCATION
2. GIRLS
a) LEARNED CHILD REARING
AND HOUSEHOLD TASKS,
WEAVING, COOKING
b. FEW LEARNED TO READ
OR WRITE
III. SPARTA
A. INTRODUCTION
1. PELOPONNESUS
(PELOPONNESIAN
PENINSULA)
2. MILITARISTIC STATE
B. MESSENIANS
1. CONQUERED BY
SPARTA
2. HELOTS - PEASANTS
FORCED TO WORK LAND
3. PAID 1/2 OF CROPS IN
RENT
…MESSENIANS
4. MILITARY DEVELOPED
AFTER HELOTS REVOLT
5. RESULTED IN A RIGID
SOCIAL STRUCTURE &
AGGRESSIVE MILITARY
SOCIETY
C. SPARTAN
GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
1. BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT
a. ASSEMBLY
(1.) ALL CITIZENS (FREE
ADULT MALES)
(2.) ELECTED OFFICIALS &
VOTED ON ISSUES
…GOVT
b. COUNCIL OF ELDERS
(1.) PROPOSED LAWS
c. EPHORS – 5 ELECTED
OFFICIALS
(1.) CARRIED OUT LAWS
(ADMINISTRATION)
…GOVT
(2.) CONTROLLED COURTS
& EDUCATION
(3.) POWER TO VETO
LAWS
(4. ) OLIGARCHY - RULE
BY A SMALL GROUP
…SOCIETY
d) SOCIAL GROUPS
(1) RULING FAMILIES OWNED
LANDS
(2) FREE NON-CITIZENS
TRADERS & ARTISIANS
(3) HELOTS FARMING &
SERVANTS
D. SPARTAN DAILY LIFE
1. EFFECTS OF MILITARISTIC
SOCIETY
a. MOST POWERFUL MILITARY
(ARMY)
b. DID NOT VALUE ARTS &
LEARNING
…DAILY LIFE
c. VALUED DUTY &
DISCIPLINE OVER FREEDOM &
LEARNING
d.) LAGGED BEHIND OTHER
STATES (ATHENS) IN TRADE &
CULTURAL ACHIEVMENTS
…DAILY LIFE
2. BOYS - MILITARY
TRAINING TO BECOME
GOOD SOLDIERS
a.) INFANTS - LEFT TO DIE
ON HILLSIDE IF NOT
HEALTHY
…BOYS
b.) AGE 7 - MOVED TO
BARRACK TO LEARN
MILITARY SKILLS
c.) AGE 20 - BECAME
SOLDIERS ON FRONTIER
…BOYS
d.) AGE 30 - MARRIED,
SUPPORTED FAMILY,
LIVED IN BARRACKS
e.) AGE 60 - RETIRED,
TRAINED SOLDIERS
…DAILY LIFE
2. GIRLS
a) RECEIVED MILITARY
TRAINING
b) TAUGHT SPARTA
BEFORE FAMILY
…GIRLS
c) MARRIED AT 19
d) EXPECTED TO BE
MOTHERS OF GOOD
SOLDIERS
IV. PERSIAN WARS
A. NEW ARMY
1. CHANGES
a. IRON LESS EXPENSIVE
b. ALL CITIZENS BECAME
SOLDIERS
c. PHALANX - HOPLITES
SHOULDER TO SHOULDER
WITH SPEARS & SHIELDS
B. BATTLE OF
MARATHON
1. GREECE V. PERSIA
(CAUSES)
a.) UNITED SPARTA &
ATHENS
b.) GREEK IONIA
CONQUERED BY PERSIA
…MARATHON
c.) IONIANS REVOLTED WITH
HELP OF ATHENS
d.) DARIUS STOPPED
REBELLION & ATTACKED
ATHENS
…MARATHON
2. MARATHON
a.) PERSIANS LANDED 25
MILES NORTH OF ATHENS
@ PLAIN OF MARATHON
b.) GREEKS DEFEATED
PERSIANS
PLAIN
OF
MARATHON
C. THERMOPYLAE &
SALAMIS
1. XERXES
a.) SON OF DARIUS
b.) SENT LARGE ARMY
TO DEFEAT GREEKS
(300,000)
…THERMOPYLAE
2. THERMOPYLAE
a.) GREEKS HELD NARROW
MOUNTAIN PASS
b.) PERSIANS USED PATH
AROUND PASS
c.) KILLED ALL GREEKS IN
PASS (6000)
…SALAMIS
3. SALAMIS
a.) EVACUATD ATHENIANS
b.) NAVAL BATTLE IN
STRAITS OF SALAMIS
…SALAMIS
c.) PERSIANS WERE
UNABLE TO MANEUVER
d.) PERSIANS COULD NO
LONGER REINFORCE &
SUPPLY ARMY
…SALAMIS
4. DELIAN LEAGUE
a) ALLIANCE OF CITY
STATES
b. DROVE THE PERSIANS
FROM GREECE
H
HEIGHT
ABOVE
SALAMIS
WHERE
XERXES
WATCHED
THE
BATTLE
C. CONSEQUENCES
OF WAR
1. NEW SENSE OF
CONFIDENCE
2. ATHENS BECAME LEADER
OF DELIAN LEAGUE W/200
CITY STATES
…CONSEQUENCES
3. LED TO THE GREEK
“GOLDEN AGE OF
PERICLES”
4. REMAINED POLITICALLY
INDEPENDENT
5. CONTROLLED AEGEAN
SEA
LOCATIONS
 1.
PELOPONNESUS
 2. ATTICA
 3. AEGEAN
 4. PERSIA
 5. BLACK SEA
 6. DARDENELLES
 7. IONIAN SEA