Transcript IntroSocialImplicationsOfComputing

Introduction to the Social
Implications of Computing
Katie Cheng
Overview
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Introduction to the Social Implications of Computing
Social Implications of Networked Communications
Growth of, Control of and Access to the Internet
The Internet and Social Engineering
Gender Related Issues of Computing
Computer Crime
Computer Crime Prevention
History
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1974 Xerox Alto – first work station with built-in mouse.
Menus and Icons. LAN capabilities.
1969 ARPANET commissioned by DoD
1990 Hyper Text Markup Language developed by Tim
Berners-Lee. Allowed the internet to expand into the
World Wide Web using Uniform Resource Locator and
HyperText Transfer Protocol.
1996 Internet was mainstream. AOL, AT&T WorldNet
What is a Computer?
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com·put·er : a programmable electronic
device that can store, retrieve, and process
data
The computer is a tool.
A tool is only as smart as it’s user.
Positive Impact of Computers
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Computers take over mundane tasks
Higher productivity
Credit Cards, Space Travel, Medical Research
New Jobs created from New Technology
Global Communication
Information Highway
Negative Impact of Computers
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Fast paced business, More Stress.
Creates skilled jobs only.
Dependency on Computers.
Lack of more intimate social interaction.
Health Issues.
Social Implication of Networked
Communication
Author: Jing Chen
Email
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Early email was developed as an application on the ARPANET for
complex mixture of Cold War military.
The idea of using the ARPANET as a medium for human communication
was not widely recognized until the creation of network email in 1971.
In 1984, domain name server developed and the number of hosts on
Internet breaks 1000.
In 1988, the number of Internet hosts breaks 100,000 and first
commercial electronic mail carriers appeared on the Internet: MCI Mail
and Compuserve.
Instant Messenger
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“MSN Messenger you can chat online instantly—in real time—with friends, family
and colleagues. It's faster than e-mail, more discreet than a phone call, and best of
all—it's FREE!*”
people are able to communicate synchronously on different "channels" from
disparate locations.
there are many more features in IM such as file sharing, weather report, and stock
alert, etc.
84% of US enterprises that have IM usage
Microsoft sees IM as the bridge to a communication system of the future with
highly integrated voice, video, text, presence, and applications.
Lotus recently announced that it would be tightly integrating its Sametime IM
application with its Websphere server.
Psychological Effect
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Socially anonymous
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public identity are not revealed immediately.
invent an alternate version of one’s self or someone else.
more comfortable.
social interaction and sometimes intimacy
Socially insensible
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rude by using improper and abusive languages
falling in love through Internet forums, chat room, instant
messages and emails.
Online Language
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express affective and speedy conversation
don’t follow correct grammars or spelling.
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“ROFL”
“btw”
add repeated exclamation points and question marks to add affective
emphasis
Emotion icons or “smileys” serves facial expression over the
Internet
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T_T
:-)
Future Applications
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VoIP (voice over Internet protocol )
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500,000 residential users just in the US
16.5 million by 2008
cheaper than traditional kind and it’s packed with new features
IP-TV
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offering a low-cost Internet alternative to traditional TiVo.
Internet-style interactivity and flexibility to our TV set.
Growth of, Control of and Access
to the Internet
Irving Chan
History of the Internet
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J.C.R Licklider – “Galactic Network” Concept
Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
(DARPA)
Pursuit of technological advancement, mainly
for military use
ARPANET and packet switching
Growth of the Internet
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Growth of internet
doubled every year since
1996
Usage of internet spans
from academics to
business to recreation.
HTML and HTTP
Year
TB/Month
1990
1.0
1991
2.0
1992
4.4
1993
8.3
1994
16.3
1995
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1996
1,500
1997
2,500 – 4,000
1998
5,000 – 8,000
1999
10,000 – 16,000
2000
20,000 – 35,000
Access to the Internet
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Dialup connection
Faster data transmission speeds now due to
new technologies
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Cable, DSL, Satellite
Advantages and disadvantages
Wi-fi allows wireless connectivity to the Internet
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Available in hotels, cafes and airports, etc…
Control of the Internet
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Preventative measures
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Laws and licenses
Software and hardware manipulation
Governmental censorship of information
Programs that monitor internet usage
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Set site viewing restrictions
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Adult content
Graphic Violence
NetNanny, CyberPatrol, CyberSitter
Future of the Internet
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Internet2
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Partnership between corporations, universities, and
government agencies
Interactive television, video conferencing, movies on
demand
Departure from PC internet connection
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Cellular phones and pagers
The Internet and Social
Engineering
“Users are the weakest link”
Steve Dittmar
What is It?
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Social Engineering
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the practice of conning people into revealing
sensitive data on a computer system, often on the
Internet
How Is It Done?
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E-mail
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Phishing
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Send malicious attachments that then spam
Convince a user that you are an administrator
asking for account passwords or credit card
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Spyware
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Software that executes hidden background tasks
Past Instances Of It
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Kevin Mitnick
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Fake Tsunami Relief Orgs.
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Convicted five times; suspected of more
Broke into FBI, SCO, Pentagon, more…
At least 170 potentially fraudulent Web sites
soliciting donations tsunami victims have turned up
PayPal Phishing
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Email claiming unusual activity in your account asks
for you to click a link and fill out/verify account
information
How To Protect Yourself
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Five Levels
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Foundation: Have a security policy for the
standards and level of security on a network
Parameter: Security awareness training for all users
Fortress: Resistance training for key personnel
Persistence: On going reminders
Gotcha: Social Engineering Land Mines (SLEM)
Offensive: Incident response; a plan of action
Sources
Title Page:
http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,65745,00.html
Slide 1,2,3:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_%28computer_security%29
Slide 4:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mitnick
http://www.wistechnology.com/article.php?id=1487
http://www.antiphishing.org/phishing_archive/02-17-05_Paypal/02-17-05_Paypal.html
Slide 5:
http://www.giac.org/practical/GSEC/David_Gragg_GSEC.pdf
Gender Related Issues of
Computing
Wanjun Gong
Gender Related Issues of
Computing
Under-representation of Women in computing
Few women enter the Computer Science program, but
why?
Growing gender gap in the computing field
Future outlooks of the composition in the work force
Under-representation of Women in Computing
- past and current
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The number of men earning degrees
in CS surpasses those earned by
women throughout the 1970s,
1980s,and early 1990s.
(US Department of Education 1994)
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The figures have fallen over the last
15 years.
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Tendency to drop out of academia
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Few have made it into teaching
Figure1. Female% of Intended CS Majors
Source: University of Virginia
Computing Research Association Figures.
Source: CRA – Taulbee Trends: Women Students & Faculty
Why So Few Women in Computing?
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Computing is a male-stereotype activity
Lack of support
- Family support
- Teacher support
- Peer support
Lack of self-confidence
Lose interest to get advance
Lack of female role models
Guys have more initial experience in
computer
Growing Gender Gap?
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Gender gap is growing in academia
and industry
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Under-representation further
discourage women from entering and
staying with it.
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Gender gap will continue to grow.
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Yet jobs in computing are expected to
grow through 2012. (U.S. Department
of Labor)
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Effective intervention -> more women
will participate
Computer Crime
“The act must be one that
can be carried out only
through the use of
computer technology.” –
Herman T. Tavini
Speaker: Lisa Punzo
Where did it start?
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The Trojan Horse – 1972
First Worm – 1982
First Virus - 1983
Three Types of Computer Crime
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Software Piracy
Electronic Break-ins
Computer Sabotage
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Spam?
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Economic Impact
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$141,496,560 lost to computer crime in 2004.
Virus takes top billing in 2004.
Cost of security.
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$10 billion in lost productivity due to Spam.
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Future
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Cost
Reports
Technology
Point to Ponder:
 What about the world of virtual crime?
Computer Crime Prevention
Justin Joseph
Computer Crime Prevention
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Introduction
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Computer crime prevention has been a big topic since 2001.
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Different types of computer crimes include:
• Hacking – gaining unauthorized access to computer, network, et
cetera.
• Virus – programs attaching to files; thus, making the computer
“sick.”
• Spyware/Spam – annoying advertisements and junk e-mails.
• Piracy – Sharing and downloading of illegal software and media
files.
Computer Crime Prevention
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History
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Computer crimes have started since the earliest networks were built.
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Earliest history of viruses were around 1987.
• Basit & Amjad created the Brain virus in 1987.
• First anti-virus available in 1988.
• Firewalls became a second option to the reality of viruses.
• First security firewalls were IP routers with filtering capabilities,
used in the early ’90s.
Computer Crime Prevention
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Methods
• It is impossible to stop every method of attack; technology changes
rapidly.
• Here are some of the more common methods:
• Firewall – packet, circuit and application filtering. Data
encryption recently included provides: authentication,
confidentiality and integrity.
• Antivirus software – on-access and on-demand detection.
• Spyware/Spam – Ad-aware, “Can-Spam” bill, the Spy Act.
• Piracy – RIAA lawsuits, only way currently to combat problem.
Computer Crime Prevention
 IV. Future & Conclusion
• Total computer crime prevention is impossible.
• The future of computer crime prevention is preventing international
crimes and determining the jurisdiction of the crimes.
• Prevention of crimes through newer mediums like wireless.
• Conference held in France in 2004, Council of Europe’s Cybercrime
convention. US did not sign treaty.
• In 2002, US government issued the National Strategy to Secure
Cyberspace.
• Laws will be passed, when will it infringe on individual rights?
Thank You