Transcript Quality of Service

Cable TV Services, DTH, IPTV, HITS
1
Regulatory Framework for Broadcasting in
India
•
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
-
•
TDSAT
–
-
•
Policy, Licensing of broadcasting sector,
Content regulations, spectrum allocation
Dispute settlement (original jurisdiction)
Appeals
TRAI
-
Regulator for tariff, interconnection, quality
of service
2
TDSAT



Role:
Dispute settlement and adjudication through the Civil
Courts has been a lengthy and unaffordable process
for many.
Government of India has tried to put in place an
alternative legal mechanism harnessing the requisite
judicial and technical expertise in the fast growing
telecommunication sector in the country.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI )
•
•
•
•
Created by an Act of Parliament, Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997.
Broadcasting sector came under purview of
TRAI in 2004
Carriage regulation is done by the Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India
Content regulation is still done by the
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting,
Government of India
4
Functions of TRAI
Apart from recommendatory functions, the
mandatory functions of TRAI are –
• Tariff
• Interconnection
• Quality
of Service
5
Ways to receive TV
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Terrestrial transmission
Cable TV
Direct-to-home (DTH) Satellite
IPTV
HITS
Terrestrial transmission

Transmission which used transmitter located
on the ground. Opposed as Satellite
transmission and Cable transmission.
Analogue TV programs were first transmitted
via terrestrial transmission
Sector as a whole
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•
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Total Cable &Satellite Households - 82 Million
Registered Private Satellite TV channels – 370
Number of Multi System Operators ~6000
Number of Cable Operators ~60,000
2 HITS permission holders
Conditional Access System for cable services mandated in 4 cities –
around 0.7 M STBs deployed
Terrestrial Television Broadcasting by Doordarshan through its 1500
transmitters and 66 Studio centres across the country serving 40
Million Households
5 Private DTH Operators operational apart from Doordarshan
236 private FM radio stations apart from All India Radio
35 community Radio Licencees
One Satellite radio Operator
8
Cable TV

Cable television is a system of providing
television to consumers via radio frequency
signals transmitted to televisions through
fixed optical fibers or coaxial cables as
opposed to the over-the-air method used in
traditional television broadcasting (via radio
waves) in which a television antenna is
required.
Cable TV


Indian digital cable TV market to rank 2nd
in Asia
Two types of Channels
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–
“Pay” channels and
“Free to Air (FTA)” channels
Indian Television Distribution Chain
Up linking from India
300
Broadcaster
1
CHANNELS
7,000+
HEADENDS
Broadcaster
2
Content Syndicator
(Zee Turner)
Broadcaster
3
Up linking from Abroad
Broadcaster
4
Content Syndicator
(Star TV)
Broadcaster
5
Broadcaster
6
Broadcaster
7
Content Syndicator
(One Alliance)
+
7 LARGE
MSOs
40,000
LCOs
MSOs
MSOs
MSOs
MSOs
MSOs
MSOs
LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs LCOs
11
Source :SSKI Reasearch
Applicable Instruments
•
Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 as
amended
•
Cable Television Networks Rule 1994 as amended
•
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 as
amended
12
Others
•
Prasar Bharti (Broadcasting Corporation of India)
Act 1990 as amended
•
Sports Broadcasting Signal (mandatory Sharing with
Prasar Bharati) Act, 2007
•
Policy Guidelines for uplinking from India
•
Policy Guidelines for downlinking of Television
Channels
•
Guidelines for obtaining DTH license ..and so on
13
Cable TV and Satellite industry
SN Satellite
Channels
1
NEW SKIES
SUN TV, BBC,TMG
2
INTELSAT
EANAADU,CNBC
3
PANAMSAT
DISCOVERY,ESPN,SONY,CNN,B4U,MTV
4
APSTAR
AXN,HBO,HALMARK
5
THAICOM.3
RAJ,ETC,JAIN,DD CHS
6
INSAT
AAJTAK,VIJAYA,KAIRALI,JAYA, ASIANET,
DD-CHS
7
ASIASAT 3
ZEE, STAR, SABTV,TNT,SAHARA
DTH


A DTH network consists of a broadcasting centre,
satellites, encoders, multiplexers, modulators and
DTH receivers.
A DTH service provider has to lease Ku-band
transponders from the satellite. The encoder
converts the audio, video and data signals into the
digital format and the multiplexer mixes these
signals. At the user end, there will be a small dish
antenna and set-top boxes to decode and view
numerous channels. On the user's end, receiving
dishes can be as small as 45 cm in diametre.
DTH

DTH is an encrypted transmission that
travels to the consumer directly through a
satellite. DTH transmission is received
directly by the consumer at his end through
the small dish antenna.
DTH Providers
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DD Direct+ of Prasar Bharti- 33FTA + 12 All India
radio Channels
Dish TV of ZEE group
Tata Sky- A joint venture between Tata & sky TV
Sun Direct of Sun Network
Reliance
Bharti
Videocon
IPTV
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IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is a
system where a digital television service is
delivered using Internet Protocol over a
network infrastructure, which may include
delivery by a broadband connection
Commercial bundling of IPTV, VoIP and
Internet access is referred to as “Triple Play”
service
http://wwitv.com/
World Scenario

Total IPTV Subscribers - Europe
18000

16695
16000
14000
13636
12000
10070
10000
7 countries in Asia have
IPTV including China
Among the 4 continental
countries in Europe, France
has a share of 60%
Total IPTV Subscribers
8000
6311
6000
4000
3283
2000
0
1654
World IPTV Subscribers
705
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
49%
Source: Gartner Dataquest 2006
Europe
51%
Rest of the w orld
The technology
Comparison
Cable TV
DTH
IPTV
Industry Life Cycle
Under Consolidation
Growth
Embryonic
Number of Players
~ 50,000
Access Network
Co-Axial Cable
Dish Antenna
Broadband (over FTTx
or DSL)
Pricing Model
Flat rate pricing per
month. Single Offer
Multiple Rental
Packages Emerging
with al-carte offerings
Pay Per View, monthly
Rentals
Choice of Channels
Nil ( Cable operator
decides the
package)
Available to a limited
extent
User Driven
Quality
Poor Beyond 80
Channels
Excellent
Dependent on
Broadband network
Customer Premise
Equipment
None
Set top box
Time Shift Viewing/Video
on Demand
Not Available
Not Available
3
~ 100
None for PC
Set top box for TV
Available
Recent Developments
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IPTV currently available in Pune, Mumbai, Bangalore
and Kolkata
IOL Broadband to deploy triple-play service in 28
cities by March 2009. Seven cities will receive
services during the rest of 2007 and into 2008
IOL plans to capture a client base of over 6 million
IOL has agreement with BSNL for access in 59
cities.
Agreement
–
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IOL to provide content and market the services
BSNL to provide access to customers
Tariff Structure
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One time, non-refundable amount of Rs 880
is charged for installation and activation
Rs 1,500 (refundable) security deposit for a
Smart Electronic Device (SED) required for
the connection.
Rs 250 per month, excluding taxes
Developments Contd…
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(08/08) AT&T ordered to acquire license for
IPTV
(06/08) Indian Govt. forms an IMG to develop
policies and regulations for the nascent IPTV
industry.
(03/08) MSO Alliance has asked the Indian
government to regulate the country’s IPTV
industry
(10/06) An estimated 60 million IPTV
subscribers world-wide by 2011
IPTV – Cable or Telecom?
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IPTV violates Cable TV act
Cable TV operators say act should be amended to
include Voice, Video and Data
FDI in Cable is 49%, Telecom is 74%
Cable TV operators need UASL to offer IPTV if it is
under Telecom (1500 Crores)
IPTV gives access to over 3000 internet channels
but Cable TV operators have access to only
channels with downlink license
Content cant be regulated by the Government
TRAI on IPTV
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Jun 2006 – IPTV to be a part of telecom
July 2006- TRAI withdrew recommendation
Oct 2006 – IPTV to be part of Cable TV
Aug 2007 – TRAI to launch consultation process
featuring
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Quality of service norms
FDI norms
Exclusivity of content
Pricing of TV channels over this platform
Content related issues
Advantages of IPTV
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Interactivity – Time shift viewing
VoD to watch something that he/wants to
watch
Triple Play
IPTV based converged services
Why IPTV may fail in India?
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Technical
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Broadband Speed: Packet Loss
Consumer Demand for Time-shift
viewing/VoD is low
Very low broadband penetration as
compared to Cable TV penetration
IPTV – Cases
Neuf Cegetel (France)
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Neuf deployed dense broadband network in 2004 covering
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More than 150 urban centers
80% internet users
More than 2/3rd of business
Cegetel Merger,May 2005: Largest alternative fixed line operator.
Leveraging upon LLU, launced the Triple play service package.
Result: Higher ARPU as compared to selling each service
individually.
Digital content included sports, information, etc as well as
premium channels such as MTV premium, etc which were
available for an additional premium. Later added VODs, DVRs
Has 3 million Broadband Subscribers currently.
Free TV, another competitor is fast catching up with 2.6 million
broadband subscribers.
Hong Kong Broadband Network
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HKBN: largest alternative residential provider of voice
and broadband services.
Invested in Infrastructure to offer multiple services over
a single, all-IP network
In 2005 HKBN started tapping into the opportunities
presented by IPTV.
HKBN launched IPTV to leverage the capabilities of its
next-generation network.
Pay-TV market in Hong Kong is already saturated
Majority of HKBNs fixedline customers used to free-toair terrestrial television
HKBN right now has 1,13,000 IPTV subscribers
wherease Hong Kong has a IPTV penetration of 25%
right now.
IIT Kharagpur-The IP-TV solution
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Set up a campus-wide converged IP network with over 4,000
access points.
Network offers multi-layered switched QoS, video-on-demand,
multi-cast video, and the ability to host IP telephony in the future
The objectives were:
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To deliver live lectures and screen events with the help of IP
multicasting.
Deliver high-quality video-on-demand to students’ hostels.
Standardise repetitive courses through video-on-demand
Provide opportunities to fields of individual interest.
A broadcast server helps to pre-plan the time of a broadcast to a
select group.
A student who has missed a class wants to refer to the lecture or
the notes given earlier, he can use the video-on-demand service
for viewing the lecture.
Headend-In-The-Sky (HITS) service

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Meaning of HITS – “Headend In The Sky”,
provides a complete array of digital video
and audio programming needed for a
comprehensive programming strategy
Two Service Providers
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HITS-Dish TV
Noida Software Technology Park
Need of the Consumer
•
The three dimensions of the services
•
Availability
•
Affordable price
•
Acceptable quality
of platforms, contents
34
Steps by TRAI
The steps taken by TRAI to implement
its functions on
• Tariff
• Interconnection
• Quality
of Service
35
Tariff
36
Initiative taken by TRAI
Non CAS Areas
•
•
Cap on monthly cable charges prescribed
•
in non- CAS areas
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On a-la-carte prices of channels for CAS areas
Limits
prescribed
for
relationship
between
a-la-carte and bouquet prices by broadcasters
37
Serial
numbe
r
(1)
Ceiling for non-CAS Area
Number of pay channels and Free to Air channels
(FTA) to be transmitted or re-transmitted through
the cable television network.
(2)
Pay channels.
2(a)
Free to Air channels.
2(b)
No pay channel
minimum 30
FTA channels
Maximum amount of charges payable by a subscriber per month for first
television connection (exclusive of all taxes) for Pay channels and Free to Air
channels mentioned under column (2)
(3)
A-1 and A Class cities.
3(a)
B-1 and B-2 Class
cities.
3(b)
Other areas.
3(c)
Not exceeding Rs 77/only.
Not exceeding Rs 77/only.
Not exceeding Rs 77/only.
•
1.
2.
Upto 20 pay channels.
minimum 30
FTA channels
Not exceeding Rs 160/only.
Not exceeding Rs 140/only.
Not exceeding Rs
130/- only.
3.
More than 20 and upto 30
pay channels.
minimum 30
FTA channels
Not exceeding Rs 200/only.
Not exceeding Rs 170/only.
Not exceeding Rs
160/- only.
4.
More than 30 and upto 45
pay channels.
minimum 30
FTA channels
Not exceeding Rs 235/only .
Not exceeding Rs 200/only.
Not exceeding Rs
185/- only.
5.
More than 45 pay
channels.
minimum 30
FTA channels
Not exceeding Rs 260/only.
Not exceeding Rs 220/only.
Not exceeding
200/-only.
38
Rs
Initiative taken by TRAI
-Contd.
CAS Areas
•
Tariff order on
–
–
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Pricing of Basic Service Tier (Rs. 77 p.m. + taxes)
Pricing of Pay Channels (Ceiling of Rs. 5 per channel
per subscriber per month) along with channels
available on a-la-carte basis
Standard Tariff Packages for renting of Set Top Boxes
( I. Rs. 999 + Rs. 30 p.m. and
II. Rs. 250 + Rs. 45 p.m.)
39
Quality of Service
40
Quality of Service Regulations
•
•
Regulation on Quality of Services for CAS
areas
Regulation on Quality of Service and
Redressal of Grievances for DTH
41
QoS for cable services in CAS Areas
•
Regulation on Quality of Service for CAS
areas on
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Connection - within two working days of the completion of
the formalities
Disconnection - written notice of at least 15 days
Shifting - five working days from the date of request
Complaints
– At least 90% of "No Signal" calls received shall be
corrected within 24 hours
– At least 90% of all other types of complaints shall be
corrected within 48 hours
Billing related complaints - To be addressed within 7 days of
notice
42
QoS for cable services in CAS Areas Contd.
•
Regulation on Quality of Service for CAS areas on
(Contd.)
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STB related complaints - repair or replacement, within 24
hours of receipt of the complaint
Change in positioning of channels - 3 days advance notice to
subscribers
Public Awareness Campaign - MSOs were required to carry
out a public awareness campaign about the salient features
of the provisions contained in the QoS regulation for CAS
areas
Taking the channel off air – 3 weeks notice is must either by
an advertisement in 2 local newspapers, or by running a 43
scroll in the relevant channel
QoS for cable services in non-CAS Areas
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Issuance of monthly bill and proper receipt
Bill should contain number of FTA and Pay channels
Provide information regarding change of channels in
cable service to the customers
Taking the channel off air – notice is must by an
advertisement in 2 local newspapers, and also may
inform by running a scroll in the relevant channel
44
QoS Regulations for DTH Services
•
Connection, disconnection, transfer and shifting of
cable services

The DTH operator will devise the format for application
form, and will assign a customer identification number to
to each such application received.

Provide connection to every person subject to technical
and operational feasibility application received

A time limit of 5 working days has been prescribed for
complying with requests relating to shifting, disconnection
and reconnection.
45
QoS regulations for DTH Service(contd.)
•
Complaint handling and redressal
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Establish Call centre with toll-free number
Complain to be assigned a docket number by call centre
90% call of no signal within 24 Hrs, other complaints within
48 Hrs, no complaint remain beyond 5 days
All billing complaints to be resolved within 7 days
Nodal office to be appointed for each state for redressal of
grievances of those subscribers who are not satisfied with
the redressal at call centre level. , redressal of the grievances
within 10 days of registering of the complaint.
46
QoS regulations for DTH Service(contd.)
•
Plans and Billing related

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
The subscription package offered to a subscriber will
not be changed for 6 months. However, the subscriber
can opt out of a particular package for any other
package at any time.
Post paid subscribers, if any, will be issued bills
containing details such as charges for subscription
package, value added services, customer premises
equipments, taxes etc.
Provision of itemized usage charges to pre-paid
47
subscribers on demand on a reasonable cost
QoS regulations for DTH Service(contd.)
•
customer premises equipments (CPEs) related

schemes to offer CPEs to its subscribers on outright
purchase basis, hire-purchase basis and rental basis.
Scheme for refund in case of hire-purchase
set top box (STB) not to be disabled if the subscriber has
opted out of his service, and there are no dues
Taking the channel off air

DTH operator will give notice for discontinuing a
channel

•
48
Interconnection
49
Initiative taken by TRAI
Interconnection
 Broadcasters “must provide” content on nondiscriminatory terms
 Broadcasters to provide all channels on a-la-carte
basis to cable and DTH platforms
 Limits
prescribed for relationship between
a-la-carte and bouquet prices by broadcasters
 Broadcasters directed to provide channels to DTH
through RIO at reasonable rates
50
Steps taken by TRAI on the digitalization
of the services
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Facilitated successful roll out of addressable digital cable
services (CAS) in the notified areas of Delhi, Mumbai &
Kolkata by laying down appropriate regulatory framework.
An expert group was formed by TRAI on digitalization and
introduction of voluntary CAS for extension of CAS to 55
more cities in a well defined time frame. The report of the
group was forwarded to the Government for further action.
Recommended opening up of Terrestrial TV transmission for
Private Sector and to allow both analogue and digital
transmission.
Recommended a national plan for digitalization of cable
television, by March 2010, on a voluntary basis.
51
Other initiatives
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•
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Recommended a framework for “head-end in the sky (HITS)”
which would enable digitalization of cable transmission with
addressability for the whole country at one go.
Recommendations on IPTV, and on Mobile TV
The tariff ceilings for non CAS areas have not been made
applicable to cases of transmission or retransmission of
channels through cable television network using addressable
systems, which therefore becomes an incentive for
digitalization.
Recommendations on restructuring of cable TV sector, which
mandates compulsory digitalisation within five years.
52
Different mode of receiving signals
•
Through Cable TV

Analog – un addressable

Digital- Addressable
•
Through Terrestrial Transmission
•
Through DTH
•
Through IPTV
53