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ITS as a new market for telecommunication
in Ubiquitous ICT
Tadao Saito
CTO, Toyota Infotech Center
Professor Emeritus the University of Tokyo
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
1
Content
o ICT markets for ubiquitous communication
o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for
Ubiquitous applications
o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market
o New telecommunication performance
requirements for ITS communication
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
2
Content
o ICT markets ubiquitous communication
o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for
Ubiquitous applications
o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market
o New telecommunication performance
requirements for ITS communication
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
3
Saturation of Current IT Market
4
Communication
Terminals
Computers
108
105
109
107
109
109
1950
1970
1990
2010
?
2030
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
?
?
personalize
Saturation of Current IT Market
5
Communication
Terminals
Computers
108
105
109
107
109
109
1950
1970
1990
personalize
2010
1011
2030
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
ubiquitous
Advances in Processors
Moore’s Law
prediction of advances 1960～1965
predicted one chip processor of 1970
1971年11月
1974年4月
1978年6月
1985年10月
1993年3月
2000年11月
2007年11月
server chip
4004
2,300transistors
8080
6,000transistors
8080
29,000transistors(5～10MHz)
386
275ktransistors(１６～33MHz)
Pentium
5Mtransistors(60～300MHｚ）
Pentium4
80Mtransistors(1.4～3.8GHz)
Itanium dual core 2Btransistors
（106times in 36 years）
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
（Intel Dec 2007）
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Barriers for improvements
o Continuous dispute on possibility of further growth
o In many discussions negative view seems to be reasonable.
o In history who gave up continuation of growth always failed in
competition
o Current bottleneck is radio frequency to support communication.
o Other bottlenecks requiring development efforts are:
Energy
Lithography
Market growth
Attractive application target
o Target oriented efforts are always important.
o Automobile technology is important target for ICT development.
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Content
o ICT markets ubiquitous communication
o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for
Ubiquitous applications
o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market
o New telecommunication performance
requirements for ITS communication
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
8
9
100M
Proposal of combination of multiple
radios in 1994 in Japanese
government report which is the
source of contribution for B3G in
2002.
video
CATV
10M
Wireless
LAN
2M
１.5M
B-ISDN
FPLMTS
N-ISDN
64ｋ
Transmission
TV conference
(3rd Generation)
32k
PHS
speed
9.6k
Digital cellular
2.4k
Analogue cellular
Mobile
satellite
G3FAX
PC communication
Voice
pager
1.2k
Short message
home
office
city
suburban
rural
Service area
A book titled
The Fully Networked
Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Radio multimedia of year 2000 published May 1995 in Japanese
F IG U R E 2
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10
e n c o mp a s s
th e c a p a b ilte s o fp re v io u s s y s te m s
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ITUーR vandiagram（２００２）
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r a d c a s ts y s te m s
Da k
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t g c a p a b ilte s ,m e d iu m s h a d in g in d ic a te s e n h a n c e m e n ts to
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T h e d e g re e o fm o b ilty a s u s e d in th is F ig u re is d e s c rib e d a s fo lo w s :lo w m o b ilty c o v e rs
The Fully
p e dNetworked
e s tria n s p eCar
e d ,a n d h ig h m o b ilty c o v e rs h ig h s p e e d o n h ig h w a y s o rfa s tra in s (6 0 k m /h to
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
~ 2 5 0 k m /h ,o rm o re ).
T e
m p 8 /1 1 0 -0 2
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Services
and
applications
New radio
interface
Download channel
Digital
broadcast
IPv6
Packet-based
core network
Cellular
2nd generation
IMS
RLAN type
IMT-2000
Short range
connectivity
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Wireline
xDSL
Ｏｔｈｅｒ ｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ
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Distribution layer
Horizontal:
handover within a
system
Cellular layer
Vertical: handover
between systems
Possible return
channels
Hot spot layer
Personal network layer
Fixed (wired) layer
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Current VAN diagram
MOBILITY
2G、2.5G、3G、3,5G、4G：
802.○□：IEEE
Mobile WiMAX
High speed 2G
3G
3.5G
802.16e4G
（PDC
）
802.20
2.5G
DSRC
WiFi
WiMAX
802.11p
802.16-2004
802.11b
）
802.11n
802.15.3
（UWB）
802.11a/g
stationary
10k
100k
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
1M
10M
100M
1G
TRANSMISSION RATE (bps)
Content
o ICT markets ubiquitous communication
o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for
Ubiquitous applications
o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market
o New telecommunication performance
requirements for ITS communication
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Advances in recent 10 years in
ICT Application for automobile
Traditionally ICT improved many aspects of vehicles including
emission reduction and stability control.
In recent 10 years, contribution of ICT in vehicle technology
expanded fast.
Vehicle Stability Control
Radar Cruise Control
Back Monitor
Tire Pressure Monitor
On Demand Information
Shift Control based on Map
Autonomous→Networked
Interests for Communication,
V2I and V2V
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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ICT Infrastructure for Traffic Improvement
1970’s Signal control
1980’s Major improvements build in electronics for vehicle
1990’s DSRC for Infrastructure-Vehicle communication
Traffic Data
Toll Collection
2000’s Transport Telematics
2005’s Vehicle Safety Systems
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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ITS Architecture
（by ITS America)
Centers
Travelers
Traffic
Management
Remote Traveler
Support
Information
Service Provider
Emergency
Management
Emissions
Management
Toll
Administration
Fleet &
Freight
Management
Transit
Management
Personal Information
Access
Wide Area Wireless (Mobile)
Communications
Emergency
Vehicle
Commercial
Vehicle
Transit
Vehicle
Maintenance &
Maintenance &
Construction
Management
Archived
Data Management
ITS to fixed point Communications
Fixed point
Vehicle
Vehicle
The FullyConstruction
Networked
Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Commercial
Vehicle
Administration
Roadway
Security Monitoring
Toll Collection
Parking Management
Vehicles
Commercial Vehicle Check
Field
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18
Wide Area Wireless
Communications
Fixed Point to Point
Communications
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Vehicle
DSRC
Centers
Vehicle to Vehicle Communications
Travelers
Field
Pedestrian
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Centers
Travelers
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Vehicle
Fixed Point to Point
Communications
DSRC
Vehicle to Vehicle Communications
Wide Area Wireless
Communications
Field
Pedestrian
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Travelers
Vehicle to Vehicle Communications
Ｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｏｕｓ Wireless
Communications
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Vehicle
Centers
Fixed Point to Point
Communications
Field
ITS Vehicle services
o
Traffic management
probing, dynamic fee management, emission management
o
Public transport management
transit vehicle tracking, multimodal coordination
o
Traveler information
personal route guidance, provider based route guidance,dynamic rideshare
o
Vehicle safety
intersection safety warning, intersection collision avoidance, automated highway
o
Commercial vehicle operation
fleet administration, freight administration, electronic clearance, weigh-in- motion
o
Emergency management
stolen vehicle tracking, stolen vehicle control, emergency response, mayday support
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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In the past applications requiring high speed response were outside of IP
network
CALM
System
Management
Directory
Station
Management
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Internet
ITS Application
Application
Internet
Standard
Network Interface
IPv6
Networking
Management
CALM Architecture
ISO TC204
Existing
ITS Application
2/2.5G
ISOTC204
3G
CALM
IR
CALM
M5
CALM
MM
WiMax
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23
Neutral Network Service
Contents and Applications
Contents and Applications
Platform
Platform
Packet Transport
Packet Transport
Packet Transport
Physical Transport
Physical Transport
Physical Transport
Service Provider
Network Service
Vehicle
Surrounding a neutral network, many telematics service providers can develop services
To expand market Standardization of platform and application is important.
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Content
o ICT markets ubiquitous communication
o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for
Ubiquitous applications
o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market
o New telecommunication performance
requirements for ITS communication
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Cell Phone as the Forerunner for Vehicle Communication
o In 1990‘ｓ Cell phone services became ubiquitous and quickly
o
o
o
o
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saturated in personal service market
Transport Telematics was expected to cultivate new market for Cell
Phone Carriers.
Business model to charge for car telecom module as the second
personal cell phone did not work in 90’s.
In 2000’s transport telematics is a auto-manufacturer based MVNO
service and efforts are paid to promote providing useful services
for automobile users.
Although performance of Cell Phone does not satisfy the
requirement for ITS, appropriate design to satisfy requirement
should be possible if new market is possible in future.
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
Broad Range of Requirements for
Machine to Machine Communication
Latency for Setup
0.1msec ～ 10msec ～ 1sec ～ 100sec
Distance of Communication
0.01m ～ 1m ～ 100m ～ 10km ～ 1000km
Data Speed
1b/s ～ 100b/s ～ 10kb/s ～ 1Mb/s ～ 100Mb/s
Coverage
point, surrounding, linear, plane(operator, national ,global)
Addressing
location, person, vehicle, machine, situation
Error rate
10-9, 10-7, 10-5, 10-3, 10-1
Technology life
5 years, 10 years, 20years, 100years
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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An Example of Performance Requirement for Vehicle Service
100sec
latency
Current Networks
Internet
POTS
1sec
10msec
0.1msec
Vehicle
Networks
distance
1m
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
100m
10km
1000km
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Communication performance requirement for
intersection safety warning
Latency for Setup
Distance of Communication
Data Speed
Coverage
Addressing
Error rate
Life of technology
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
10msec
1m ～ 100m
100b/s ～ 10kb/s
surrounding
location
10-5 ～ 10-3
roadside 50 years
vehicle 20 years
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Communication performance requirement for
intersection collision avoidance
Latency for Setup
Distance of Communication
Data Speed
Coverage
Addressing
Error rate
Life of technology
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
10msec
1m ～ 100m
100b/s ～ 10kb/s
surrounding, linear
location
10-9 ～ 10-5
roadside 50 years
vehicle 20 years
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Communication performance requirement for
mayday support
Latency for Setup
1sec ～ 100sec
Distance of Communication 10km ～ 1000km
Data Speed
10kb/s ～ 1Mb/s
Coverage
plane (global :cross border)
Addressing
vehicle, machine
Error rate
10-5 ～ 10-3
Life of technology
roadside 50 years
vehicle 20 years
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
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Telecommunication network is
changing rapidly
o Telecommunication used to be a given social infrastructure which
is difficult to change.
o Around 2010, global telecommunication infrastructure will begin to
change.
Traditional network->All IP network
IPv4->IPv6
Analogue TV-> Digital TV
Person to person communication->Machine to machine communication
o Vehicle is an important market for telecommunication business.
o It is an important timing to propose to construct
telecommunication infrastructure which is suited for vehicle use.
o Clarification of requirement from the view point of vehicle is now
required.
o This requirements are also important for telecommunication to get
expanded market in ubiquitous network era.
The Fully Networked Car
Geneva, 4-5 March 2009
31