Transcript Ip addressing

Chapter 5
 Upon
completion of this chapter, you should
be able to:







Configure IP addresses
Identify & select valid IP addresses for networks
Configure a DHCP server
Configure a host to use DHCP for configuration
Troubleshoot & resolve IP addresses configuration
and communication issues
Configure DNS addresses
Configure an IPv6 address
5a.1
 Each
host needs IP to communicate
 Logical address
 Assigned to the NIC

Computers, network printer, router interfaces
 Remember

Packet has source & destination IP
 What
protocol translates the name to the IP
address?

DNS
 32



bit number
Four octets of 8 bits
Network & host portion of
address
Routers read network
portion only

To send to correct network
 192.168.2.16


Network is 192.168.2
.16 is the host portion
 Logical
(not physical like MAC)
 IPv4 has 32 bits, 4 octets


8 bits in each octet
11111111.10101010.11001100.00100101
 Convert

192.101.28.36
 Value

that to decimal:
in each octet from 0-255
That’s a total of 256 numbers.
 Add

up the values of the binary 1’s
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
156
 11100101

229
 Binary

to Decimal Conversions
Add up the bit values to come up with the
decimal answer
 Decimal

Convert the decimal number to bits
 Binary

to Binary Conversions
Game
Create an account on cisco.com
 How

32
 How

many bits in an IPv4 address?
many octets? How many bits in each?
4 octets; 8 bits in each
 What
can be the decimal value range of each
octet?

0-255
 How

256
many numbers is 0-255?
5a.2
 Network


Identifies network to the router
Router cares about this part
 Host


portion
portion
Identifies the specific host
Router doesn’t care about this part

Hierarchical Addressing
 192.175.36.9
 255.255.255.0

How many total bits are on? (1’s)


11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
/24 notation
 255.255.0.0

How many total bits are on? (1’s)


11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
/16 notation
 255.255.255.248

How many total bits are on? (1’s)


11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
/29 notation
 Subnet




Mask
Helps router decide which network packet is on
Helps show which part of IP is network & host
32 bits
192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0
 Binary
1’s - ID the network portion
 Binary 0’s - ID the host portion
 SM
helps tells us how many hosts are on that
network




255.255.255.00000000
Binary 0’s= identifies # of hosts on that network
8 ZEROS is 28=256
Subtract 2 for useable number


Unusable:
 00000000 (.0) is the network ID
 11111111 (.255) is the broadcast address for a
network
Total Useable is 254
 SM


128= 10000000
27= 128-2 is 126 hosts
 SM



255.255.255.224
224= 11100000
25= 32-2 is 30 hosts
 SM

255.255.255.128
255.255.240.0
.240.0= 11110000.00000000
212= 4096-2 is 4094 hosts
 Router
ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is
connected to!!!
 Doesn’t
 It
care about individual hosts
ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask
 Result=
 Looks
DESTINATION NETWORK
in routing table for destination
network & sends it out the outgoing port
 199.81.210.17
 255.255.255.240
 What
network does this belong to?
 One



PC is 192.168.18.107 255.255.255.0
What is network does it belong to?
How many useable hosts?
Give PC’s addresses.
 What

is the purpose of the subnet mask?
To help the router identify the destination
network
A
packet enters a router. Which address does
it look at?

Destination IP
 What
process does it do with the destination
IP & the subnet mask?

ANDs it
 What

is the result of the ANDing?
The destination network
5a.3
 Large
organizations
 1-126
 Default

One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts
 How

SM= 255.0.0.0
many hosts available?
224= over 16 million
 10.52.33.7
 N.H.H.H
 255.0.0.0
 120.111.99.87
 15.7.92.5
255.0.0.0
 15=
Class A
 Default SM for Class A= 255.0.0.0
 Network portion of address= 15.
 Host portion= .7.92.5
 Network ID= 15.0.0.0

All zero’s in the host portion
 Broadcast

address= 15.255.255.255
All binary one’s in the host portion
 Medium
organizations
 128-191
 Default

Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts
 How

SM= 255.255.0.0
many hosts available?
216= over 65,000
 130.52.33.7
 N.N.H.H
 255.255.0.0
 185.111.99.87
 167.101.52.36
255.255.0.0
 167=
Class B
 Default SM for Class B= 255.255.0.0
 Network portion of address= 167.101
 Host portion= .52.36
 Network ID= 167.101.0.0

All zero’s in the host portion
 Broadcast

address= 167.101.255.255
All binary one’s in the host portion
 Small
organizations
 192-223
 Default SM= 255.255.255.0

Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts
 How

many hosts available?
28= 256-2 (254 useable)
 199.52.33.7
 N.N.N.H
 255.255.255.0
 220.111.99.87
 210.44.200.89
255.255.255.0
 210=
Class C
 Default SM for Class C= 255.255.255.0
 Network portion of address= 210.44.200
 Host portion= .89
 Network ID= 210.44.200.0

All zero’s in the host portion
 Broadcast

address= 210.44.200.255
All binary one’s in the host portion
 Class


D is multicast (one to a group)
224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255
 Class


D not for hosts
E not for hosts
For testing only
240-255
 All
0’s in host portion(s) = network ID
 All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast
CAN NOT USE THESE ADDRESSES FOR HOSTS!
Class
1st Octet
Range
Default Subnet
Mask
Network/ Host
Portions
# of Hosts per
Network
A
1-126
255.0.0.0
N.H.H.H
16 million
B
128-191
255.255.0.0
N.N.H.H
65,000
C
192-223
255.255.255.
0
N.N.N.H
254
D
E
D: 224-239 Is used for multicasting, webcasts, streaming
video
E: 240-255 Is used research only
 Address
 What
168.19.203.12 255.255.0.0
class?
 What are the network portions?
 What are the host portions?
 What is the network address/ID?
 What is the broadcast address?
 What is the first usable address?
 8.1.2.8
Lab
 ANDing
Activity

Determine the network address
 Lots
of Practice!
 Which
with?

 How

 How

version IP addresses are we dealing
IPv4
many bits in an IP address?
32
many octets in an IP address?
4
 Which
part of this address is the host
portion? 199.81.71.6

6
 Which
network does this belong on?
201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0

201.14.6.0 network
 How
many total hosts can be on that
network? Useable?


256
254, why?
5a.4
 Some
addresses are reserved & can not be routed
across Internet
 You can have a public IP for network/servers &
private for hosts inside

Saves IP addresses
Address
Class
Address Range
A
B
C
10.0.0.0- 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255
 If
host does not connect DIRECTLY to
Internet, it can have a private IP
 Router
BLOCKS private IP’s
 Great Security!!!
 Private IP’s can not
 127.0.0.0
testing
 169
be seen from Internet
range is reserved for loopback
is APIPA (local link)- no IP received from
DHCP server
 Pass

or Block IP Addresses
Decide to pass or block the IP depending upon if
it’s private or public
 Public

or Private
Drag each IP to public or private
 Handout

Host, Network#, or Broadcast address, Class,
default SM, usable/unusable for hosts
 What

10
 What

is unique about the private addresses?
They are not routable
 What

is the private range for C?
192.168
 What

is the private range for B?
172.16- 172.31
 What

is the private range for class A?
does it mean if your address is 169?
APIPA; you did not get an IP from DHCP server
5a.5
 One-to-one
(Source to Destination)
 One-to-all
(source to all) in segment
 All hosts will look at it
 All 1’s in host portion(s) of address

Last address in subnetwork (unusable for host)
 Broadcast
IP & MAC (all F’s)
 Default Broadcasts



A- 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0
B- 172.16.255.255 255.255.0.0
C- 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.0
 One-to-group
 Class
D 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255
 Multicast MAC begins with 01-00-5E
 Where


is it used?
Gaming
Distance learning
 Unicast,
Multicast, or Broadcast
 Unicast,


Broadcast, Multicast
Look at the destination IP & click the devices
that will receive it
Try it several time
 Handout
 CMD



Netstat –e
Do this every 10 seconds
Pay attention to non-unicast packets
 160.50.23.6
on?

160.50.0.0
 Which


 How

255.255.0.0; What network is this
default SM has the most hosts?
Class A 255.0.0.0
Over 16 million!
many useable hosts in a Class C?
254
 220.101.5.90
this on?

255.255.255.0; What network is
220.101.5.0
 What

10, 172.16-172.31, 192.168.
 What

 One

is the MAC broadcast frame in hex?
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
 What

are the private IP addresses?
is the MAC for a multicast?
01-00-5E
to one communication is…
Unicast
 To
send a unicast message, which addresses
do you need?

Source & dest. IP & MAC
5a.6
 How

32
 How

many bits in an IPv4 address?
many octets in an IPv4 address?
4
 What’s

0-255
 What

the range of numbers in each octet?
are the bit values?
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
 Convert

192.168.1.106
11000000.10101000.00000001.01101010
 11100101
to decimal
 10001110
to decimal
 11111000
to decimal
 11111111
to decimal
 192
to binary
 224
to binary
 47
to binary
 115
to binary
 Range:
 Default
 Which
Subnet Mask:
octets are Network & Host?
 How
many hosts available?
 Give
an example IP & SM:
5
to binary
 77
to binary
 100
to binary
 127
to binary
 What’s
in common with all of them?
 Range:
 Default
 Which
Subnet Mask:
octets are Network & Host?
 How
many hosts available?
 Give
an example IP & SM:
 128
to binary
 142
to binary
 191
to binary
 What’s
in common here?
 Range:
 Default
 Which
Subnet Mask:
octets are Network & Host?
 How
many hosts available, total & useable?
 Give
an example IP & SM:
 192
to binary
 200
to binary
 223
to binary
 What’s
common here?
 Class

Multicasting
 Class

D
E
Experimental Use
 Private



ABC-
Addresses
Chapter 5