Transcript Greece PowerPoint Notes

Ancient Greece
Chapter 4
Sec. 1-4
Location Location Location
 Greece
is at the southern end
of the Balkan Peninsula.
 Greece is surrounded by the
Adriatic Sea in the west and
the Aegean Sea in the east.
 The coastline is rough and the
region is mountainous
 The
soil is rocky and farming
is at a subsistence level.
 Greeks made a living through
sea trade.
 Greeks were influenced by
other cultures with whom
they traded including
Phoenicia.
Buildings

They became started building using
Arches
Royal Tomb (Tholos) so-called Treasury of Atreus, c. 1300-1250
The Lion's (Lioness) Gate, Mycenae, c. 1250
City States
 Greece
was a collection of
city- states about 800 BC
 Each polis developed
independently, with its own
form of government, laws and
customs
Infrastructure
 Polis
built around high area,
called acropolis
 Acropolis used as fortification
 It included temples,
ceremonial spaces
 Agora: public marketplace
http://www.history.com/videos/ancient-wonders-on-greeces-acropolis#ancient-wonders-on-greeces-acropolis
http://www.history.com/videos/ancient-wonders-on-greeces-acropolis#peracles-builds-the-parthenon
The Acropolis in Athens
Agora
Acropolis in the background
Sparta
 militaristic
 Sparta
conquered the
Messenians,
and made
them virtual
slaves known
as Helots
http://www.history.com/videos/spartans-deconstructed#spartans
 Over
time the Helots
outnumbered the Spartans 8-1.
 After a helot uprising, Sparta
relied on its military to
maintain control.
 Spartan
education began at the age
of 7 for both boys and girls. It
included tough physical training for
both
 Men were expected to serve in the
army
 Women were expected to raise
children for the polis.
 Spartans valued duty to the polis,
strength and discipline above all
The Theatre at Sparta, Greece
Athens
 became
democratic
 Wealthy rulers
(aristocrats) and poor
farmers struggled for
power
Direct Democracy
 rule
based on citizen
participation
 Majority vote decided actions of
the city state.
 Only male citizens could vote.
 Athens 461 B.C. practiced
democracy.
Persian Wars
499-450 BC
First Invasion
 490
B.C.- Persians under Darius
and an army of 25,000 attacked
the Greeks
 The Greeks won victory at
Marathon and the Persians
withdrew
http://www.history.com/videos/the-peloponnesian-war#engineering-an-empire-peter-on-the-battle-of-marathon
http://www.history.com/videos/battle-of-thermopylae-king-xerxes-master-plan#battles-bc-battle-at-marathon
Battle of Marathon
Pheidippides
After the Athenians defeated the
Persians at the Battle of Marathon the
Greeks sent this young runner to go to
Athenians to tell the people there to
not give up without a fight.
 The city was feeling defenseless. The
distance was 26 miles and 385 yard.
Pheidippides told the Athenians that
“Victory is ours” and then collapsed and
died.

Second Invasion
480 B.C. Persians led by Xerxes invaded
by land and sea.
 The Persians won a victory at
Thermopylae with the help of a Greek
traitor.
 Greeks won victories on land at Plataea
and at sea at Salamis.
 Athens was burned, yet survived

http://www.history.com/videos/battle-of-thermopylae-king-xerxes-master-plan#battle-of-thermopylae-king-xerxes-master-plan
http://www.history.com/videos/battle-of-thermopylae-unfolds#battle-of-thermopylae-unfolds
Salamis
Delian League
 140
City-states joined
together for self defense
against a possible Persian
attack.
 Athens soon came to
dominate the rest of the
league
Golden Age
of Athens
Peloponnesian War
 Many
Greeks resented Athens
domination of the Delian League
splitting Greece.
 Sparta and others formed the
Peloponnesian League
 431 BC war breaks out between
the two and lasted 27 years
 When
Spartan troops get to
close to Athens, Pericles will
move everyone into the walls of
Athens
 Over crowding leads to the
break out of the plague killing
thousands including Pericles.
 Athenian
domination ended with
the war, but they were still the
cultural center.
 The city-states will continue to
do battle until Macedonia
conquers them in 359 BC
Socrates



Emphasized the idea of Reason
Developed the Socratic Method
Instead of writing books he sat in the town
square and asked people about their
beliefs
Put on trial and found guilty of “corrupting the
city’s youth”
 Accepting the law he drank hemlock


What we know about Socrates comes
from his student Plato
Plato




Did not trust democracy after death of
Socrates
Fled to Athens, upon his return he opened
the Academy
Through rational thought people could
discover unchanging ethical values,
recognize perfect beauty, and learn how
best to organize society
Wrote The Republic- describes the ideal
society
Aristotle


Plato’s most famous student
Analyzed all forms of government and
found good and bad examples of each
Suspicious of democracy
 Favored rule by a single strong and virtuous
leader



“Golden Mean”
Politics- Summary of governments and
how government should be run