Transcript Just-in-time Media Objects

UCL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
NETWORKS AND SERVICES RESEARCH LABORATORY
Networked Media Consultation Workshop - Brussels
Towards Future Self-Managed
Content-Centric Networks
Prof. George Pavlou
http://www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/nsrl/
Networks and Services Research Laboratory
Dept of Electronic & Electrical Engineering
University College London, UK
Internet-based Content
• The vast majority of Internet-based interactions relate to
content access:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Basic Web browsing
Media aggregators (e.g. YouTube, GoogleVideo)
P2P overlays (e.g. BitTorrent, eMule)
Content Delivery Networks (e.g. Akamai, Limelight)
Social Networks (e.g. Facebook, MySpace)
Photo sharing sites (e.g. Picasa, Flickr)
Emerging immersive interactive applications
• User-generated content is expected to proliferate
• New approaches are necessary to cater for the explosion of
multi-media content and for creating novel user experiences
FCN 2
Current Internet Design Principles
• Some of the Internet design principles are not anymore
suitable for Future Content Networks
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Node-to-node instead of user-content or user-user communication
Content/user IDs are dependent on network addresses
Name resolution precedes address-based forwarding
A common network layer supports many different applications in an
application-agnostic manner
Routing/forwarding does not take into account real-time network
performance and data/content requirements
Management for performance optimisation is external to the
network and operates in long timescales
Routers should be kept as simple as possible as they have limited
resources – the “end-to-end principle”
Routers only forward and do not store data/content
FCN 3
Key Requirements
• Location transparency and mobility support
– Impact on addressing
• More flexible and reliable routing
– Multi-path routing, inherent multicast and anycast
• Better service-aware resource control
– Service-aware mapping of data to resources => better QoS
• Better security and spam protection
– Possibly other paradigms of identity/presence
• Management an integral part of the network
– Self-configuration, optimisation, healing, protection
FCN 4
Future Content Networks (FCNs)
• Evolutionary approaches: these operate in the
application/service layer and start from previous
content-delivery architectures – backwards compatibility
– More traditional view of FCNs
• Visionary approaches: these operate across layers,
from the network layer upwards, and change the
fundamental assumptions of IP - revolutionary
– Visionary & Revolutionary view of FCNs =>
Content-Centric Networks (CCNs)
FCN 5
Key Challenges in Evolutionary FCNs
• Business models: currently overlay user-provided or ISPprovided FCNs. Increased flexibility to allow a number of
different stakeholders to generate revenues
– Business model innovation
• Content naming: it should be location independent and
searchable / accessible in a unified manner across all
intermediaries
– Should scale to billions of content entries
• Location of content copies based on both server load and
the state between server and requesting user
– Performance management within the content network
• Overlay – ISP network cooperation through standardised
interfaces via dynamic negotiation for win-win situations
– Game theoretical approaches to manage the tussle
FCN 6
Key Challenges in Visionary CCNs
• Combined name resolution and routing: routing by
name/ID directly to the content copy (or user)
– DONA Sigcomm 2007 paper
• Rendezvous-based ID Routing: inherent support for
multicast/anycast but not easy to engineer
– I3 2002 and LIPSIN 2007 Sigcomm papers
• Replicating content in routers: the difference between
routers and servers will tend to diminish
– Making content a network primitive, NNC 2009 CoNEXT paper
• Network-media self-awareness: resolving and routing
content based on the current state of network &content
– Performance optimisation and management within the network
FCN 7
Self-Managed Future Content Networks
external management station
exceptions / reports
monitoring &
configuration
goals / policies
cooperation
self-*
capabilities
3
8
5
2
intelligent
self-optimisation
substrate
9
6
network search
1
7
4
managed
FCN
FCN 8
Just-in-time Media Objects
• A middleware approach to FCNs
• Content Objects contain information about
their behaviour, characteristics and
relationships
– Media together with meta-data and logic
• Object Execution Environment locates,
routes and renders these objects
– Just-in-time media objects
Content
Object
Media
Rules
Behaviour
Relations
Characteristics
• Next generation routers will be effectively
servers running this environment
– Another revolutionary viewpoint of CCNs
FCN 9
Object
Execution
Environment