Transcript 14: Problem Recovery

70-293: MCSE Guide to
Planning a Microsoft Windows
Server 2003 Network, Enhanced
Chapter 14:
Problem Recovery
Objectives
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Back up and restore files
Recover corrupted systems
Perform remote management
Image client computers and servers
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File Backup and Recovery
• File backup and recovery are an essential part of
network maintenance
• When data is backed up, you can recover an
uncorrupt version
• Effective backup and recovery solution includes
• Backup (ntbackup.exe)
• Volume shadow copy
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The Backup Utility
• When backups are performed, they can be stored on
tape or in a file
• Tape is more common
• Backup to file is used with nontraditional media, such
as a floppy disk, hard drive, or CD-R
• The entire backup is stored inside a single file, making it
easy to copy and move
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Backing Up Application Data
• Backup utility is part of Windows Server 2003
• Third-party backup solutions are available
• Easier to use
• Have enhanced features
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File Backup Strategies
• Three backup strategies for daily file system backups:
• Full
• Incremental
• Differential
• Each time a file is modified, the OS turns on the
archive attribute of that file
• Each backup strategy uses and affects the archive
attribute of files differently
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File Backup Strategies
(continued)
• Full backup
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Backs up all selected files each time a backup is performed
Simplest type of backup to implement
Use the backup tape from the previous day to restore
Archive attribute on each file is turned off
Primary problem is the large amount of time
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File Backup Strategies
(continued)
• Incremental backup:
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Only the files that have changed since the previous backup
Less than 10% the size of a full backup
Always used in combination with full backups
Only backs up files with archive attribute turned on
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File Backup Strategies
(continued)
• Differential backup:
• Files that have changed since the previous full backup
• Always used in a cycle that begins with a full backup
• Does not turn off the archive attribute on files that are
backed up
• Is a compromise between full daily and incremental
• Differential is much faster to perform than a full backup
• Not quite as fast as an incremental backup
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File Backup Strategies (continued)
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Activity 14-1: Performing a
Backup
• The purpose of this activity is to perform a full and an
incremental backup
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Activity 14-2: Performing a
Restore
• The purpose of this activity is to Restore a file from
backup
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System State Backup
• Backup utility is can backing up system state data:
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Registry
COM+ Class Registration database
Boot files
System files
• Use Directory Services Restore Mode to restore
system state
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Automated System Recovery
• Backup can perform an automated system recovery
(ASR) backup
• Is a last resort to recover systems that you have not
been able to recover using other more common tools
• When an ASR backup is performed, all of the OS is
backed up
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Volume Shadow Copy
• Volume shadow copy makes copies of files, including
open files
• Allows users to restore previous versions of files without
administrator involvement
• A volume shadow copy sets aside disk space to store
changes to files that have occurred since the volume
shadow copy was performed
• Only files that have changed take up additional disk space
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Activity 14-3: Configuring and
Using Volume Shadow Copy
• The purpose of this activity is to configure volume
shadow copy to allow users to restore files from the
previous day
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Recovery Tools
• Recovery tools
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Device driver rollback
Safe mode
Last known good configuration
Recovery Console
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Device Driver Rollback
• Device driver rollback reverts to previous version of a
device driver at any time after an update
• Available through Device Manager
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Device Driver Rollback
(continued)
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Safe Mode
• Used when a server becomes misconfigured or
corrupt
• Loads a minimal set of drivers
• Can repair the system by updating drivers,
reinstalling software, or removing corrupt software
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Activity 14-4: Accessing Safe
Mode
• The purpose of this activity is to enter into safe mode.
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Last Known Good Configuration
• Last known good configuration is useful if no user
has logged on since a change was made
• If a new device driver is installed and the system
encounters severe errors, then last known good
configuration can restore registry to before the installation
• Does not delete the files associated with the driver, but does
prevent them from being loaded during startup
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Activity 14-5: Using Last Known
Good Configuration
• The purpose of this activity is to use last known good
configuration to restore service and driver settings.
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Recovery Console
• Recovery Console allows you to access system
settings and files when Windows cannot be started
• Useful when safe mode and last known good configuration
are not effective
• Recovery Console can perform disk management
• Can re-create the master boot record on the hard drive and
the boot sector on the active partition
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Activity 14-6: Installing and
Using Recovery Console
• The purpose of this activity is to install and use
Recovery Console
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Remote Management
• Terminal Services lets users connect to a remote
computer and run applications remotely
• Users must have client software installed on their
workstations to connect to a terminal server
• Client software on the workstations creates a desktop
environment based on screen draw commands
• Much more efficient for remote access than a VPN
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Remote Desktop for
Administration
• Remote Desktop for Administration allows up to two
users at a time to administer a server remotely using
Terminal Services
• All server features can be accessed just as if you were
sitting at the server console
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Remote Desktop for
Administration (continued)
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Remote Desktop for
Administration (continued)
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Activity 14-7: Using Remote
Desktop for Administration
• The purpose of this activity is to use Remote Desktop
for Administration to remotely connect to a server
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Remote Assistance
• Remote Assistance is for users to ask experts for help
• In a corporate setting, the experts are normally the help
desk or application support specialists
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Activity 14-8: Using Remote
Assistance
• The purpose of this activity is to use Remote
Assistance to request help
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Imaging Client Computers and
Servers
• Imaging installs an entire OS in one step
• Software takes a copy of an entire hard drive or
partition and stores it as a file
• Contents of the file are copied onto a client computer
• Time required is much less than for full application
and OS installation
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Imaging Client Computers and
Servers (continued)
• Windows Server 2003 includes a solution for imaging
called RIS (Remote Installation Services)
• A number of third-party imaging solutions, such as
Norton Ghost, are also available
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Remote Installation Services
• RIS can install Windows Server 2003, Windows XP,
and Windows 2000
• Both RIPrep images and flat images are supported
• RIPrep image is a fully installed OS and applications
• Can be installed in 10 minutes or less depending on its size
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Remote Installation Services
(continued)
• To create a RIPrep image:
• Install OS
• Install and configure applications
• Run RIPrep.exe: takes an image of the local computer and
copies to the RIS server
• RIS server stores the image on its local hard drive
• A flat image is a scripted installation of the OS
• Requires 45 to 90 minutes
• Applications are not automatically installed
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RIS Server Requirements
• Can install RIS server on any hardware that meets the
requirements for Windows Server 2003, except:
• RIS server cannot be multihomed
• RIS server must have a 4-GB volume, which is not the
system or boot volume
• The volume holding RIS must be an NTFS volume
• The recommended speed for the network in RIS
servers is at least 100 Mbps
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RIS Client Requirements
• RIS client must:
• Meet minimum hardware requirements for OS
• Have a Pre-Boot eXecution Environment (PXE) boot ROM
version 1.00 or greater to connect to the RIS server
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RIS Network Services
• Services required by RIS are DHCP, DNS, and Active
Directory
• DHCP provides an IP address and configuration
information to the RIS client
• DNS locates a domain controller and authenticates to
Active Directory
• Active Directory identifies prestaged computers, creates
computer accounts, and authenticates users
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The RIS Imaging Process
• After RIS client gets a reply to its service request, it
downloads a bootstrap program from the TFTP
(Trivial FTP) service on the RIS server
• startrom.com is downloaded by default
• Displays a message to press F12 to perform a network
installation
• If F12 is not pressed after three seconds, the boot process
continues to the next device such as a hard drive
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The RIS Imaging Process
(continued)
• If the user presses F12, then the Client Installation
Wizard is downloaded via TFTP from the RIS server
• Client Installation Wizard gets user to authenticate
• If the account has not been prestaged, the user
performing the imaging needs permission to create
computer accounts in Active Directory
• User selects an image to install
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Third-party Imaging Utilities
• Using third-party imaging software is similar to using
RIPrep images with RIS
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OS is installed
Applications are installed
Sysprep is run to prepare the computers for imaging
Third-party imaging software is used
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Summary
• Full backups turn off the archive attribute
• Incremental backups back up daily changes and turn
off the archive attribute
• Differential backups back up all files that have
changed since last full backup and do not affect the
archive attribute of files that are backed up
• A system state backup backs up the system state data
• ASR backup takes a copy of the OS and creates a
floppy disk for the disaster recovery process
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Summary (continued)
• Volume shadow copy takes a snapshot of files
• Device driver rollback restores previous version of a
device driver
• Safe mode starts the OS with limited services
• Last known good configuration restores the part of
the registry responsible for service and driver
configuration
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Summary (continued)
• Recovery Console allows you to access files and
systems settings when Windows cannot be started
• Windows Server 2003 includes Remote Desktop for
Administration
• RIS (Remote Installation Services) images and
installs Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and
Windows 2000
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