Transcript ITU – World Summit and the Working Group on Internet Governance

TSB
Regional Symposium on
E-government and IP
Dubai (UAE), 22-25 November 2004
ITU – World Summit and the Working Group on
Internet Governance
By
Désiré Karyabwite
IP Coordinator, E-Strategies Unit /PSF/ITU-BDT
The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its
membership..
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Outline
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ITU E-Strategies
Open-ended Consultation meeting/UN WGIG
Resolution 102- DNS & IP Addresses Management
Address space exhaustion (for convergence)
Relationship to topology
Alternatives to IPv6
Network problems
Space allocation policy
Deployment difficulties
Roadblocks and solutions
Impact of New Internet Protocol (IPv6)
What future for mobile Internet ? IPv6?
ITU World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly
Conclusion
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ITU E-Strategies
• Active support of 150 ITU Member States
• Our Goal: Foster the deployment of secure,cost-effective and sustainable
IP-based infrastructure and value-added services in developing and least
developed countries worldwide
• Our Strategy:
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Put in place a comprehensive action plan that integrates the development
of IP infrastructure with the roll-out of cost-effective, secure and high trust
value-added e-services for government, business, commerce, educational
and health sectors.
Enable various public and private sector entities to participate in the
development of the core infrastructure through the use of value-added eservices that are based on sustainable business models and create
efficiencies in the various public and private sectors.
Encourage the participation of various types of partners through a
technology neutral and non-exclusive framework for contributions towards
a global deployment.
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Open-ended Consultation meeting on the establishment of the UN Working
Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) 20 - 21 September 2004
Palais des Nations Geneva
Purpose of the meeting : For all Stakeholders, to
further exchange ideas on Internet governance
before the formal startup of the WGIG (Working
Group on Internet Governance). The first phase of
WSIS admitted that many problems on Internet
Governance still need to be studied and discussed
and authorized Mr. K. Annan to set up a special
working group (WGIG) to carry out studies and
discussions on this issue. Its structure and working
methods as well as scope of its work were discussed.
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Key issues discussed
The work done by ITU-T on Internet issues and
Telecommunications Standards (E. 164, Security issues,
ENUM Protocol etc…) Other UN Agencies presented also
their work
Participants hope that each party would follow the basic
principles of the “Declaration of Principle” and “Plan of
Action” adopted in the first phase of WSIS, to further carry
on cooperation and study on Internet Governance, to seek
common points while reserving differences, to consider
Internet Governance with a perspective view, to reach
consensus on Internet governance and guide the Internet
development to meet its own trend and the common
demand of the world people.
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As the WSIS process is Intergovernmental, the “majority” of the
participants hope that the Working Group on Internet Governance
will also have the involvement of Governments, when other
participants are proposing that the Intergovernmental
Organization should be considered as observers in the Working
Group on Internet Governance.
The Change of the nature of Internet demands the involvement of
governments into the Internet Governance
Internet Development itself calls for the transition of the governance
mode Inclusion and openness shall dominate the process of
defining Internet Governance and determining related public
policy issues on Internet Governance (e.g. DNS, IP Addresses,
Internet information and network security such as Spam, privacy
and confidentiality, Security of Domain Name System, ECommerce, Convergence between Internet and
Telecommunication network etc)
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Internet law and Policy (Golden principles for Internet Governance).
The WGIG structure and its working methods as well as scope of its
work were discussed.
Financial resources to support the WGIG Secretariat. The Swiss
Government is supporting the process but other donors are
encouraged to also support.
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Proposed Timeline for Activities of the WGIG
• October 2004:
Appointment of chairperson and members of WGIG by the UN
Sec. Gen Mr. K. Annan.
• Nov or Dec. 2004:
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First meeting of WGIG (organization of work, calendar
of meetings)
Dec 2004-Jan. 2005:
Online consultations
15-16 Feb. 2005:
Open-ended consultations with governments and all
stakeholders
17-18 Feb.2005:
Second meeting of WGIG (Drafting of preliminary
report)
21-26 Feb. 2005:
Presentation of preliminary report to PrepCom-II
March 2005: Online Consultations
 April 2005: Third meeting of WGIG
 April or May 2005: Open-ended consultations with governments and all
stakeholders
 June 2005: Fourth meeting of WGIG (Final drafting of report)
July 2005
Submission of report to the UN Secretary-General
The UN Sec. General will submit the Report to the PrepCom-III in
September 2005, second phase of WSIS Tunis, November 2005.
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Resolution 102- DNS & IP
Addresses Management
The ITU Plenipotentiary Conference held in
Marrakech in 2002 has revised Resolution 102
originally adopted in Minneapolis (1998), which
instructs the Director of the Telecommunication
Development Bureau “to organize international and
regional forums, in conjunction with appropriate
entities, for the period 2002-2006, to discuss
policy, operational and technical issues on the
Internet in general and the management of Internet
domain names and addresses in particular for the
benefit of Member States, especially for least
developed countries".
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Address space exhaustion (1/3)
• Rate and scale of Internet growth was
underestimated
• In 1970’s, 32-bit address space was thought
to be adequate for long term
• Class system (A, B, C)
• Internet routing is closely tied to the
separation of routing within a network and
routing between networks
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Address space exhaustion (2/3)
• Routing within large networks became
complex
• Sub-netting introduced
• Advent of PCs meant that each host could
no longer have a unique fixed IP address
– dynamic address assignment (but reachability?)
– private address spaces (but leakage if connected
to public network)
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Address space exhaustion (3/3)
• Stability with respect to address
allocation
• Some believe IPv4 addresses will be
exhausted in 2-3 years, others in 10
years, others sooner, others much later
(20 years).
• Rate of exhaustion influenced by
technology (e.g. NAT)
• Under-use of certain class allocations
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Relationship to topology (1/4)
H.323, H.248
(SS7/SIP)
Gatekeeper
IP
Network
PSTN
H.323, H.248
(SS7/SIP)
Gatway
GSM / 3G /4G
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Relationship to topology (2/4)
• An IP address is not similar to a telephone
number
• An IP address is a routing address
• In telephony terms:a telephone number is
more like a domain name
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Relationship to topology (3/4)
• But analogies are imperfect
– Telephone numbers identify a circuit, a wire
going somewhere, but are now portable
– IP addresses identify a terminal device, a
computer, but can be:
• dynamically assigned
• fixed
• translated (NATing)
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Relationship to topology (4/4)
Back to the basics of Internet:
• Any host can access any other host through
uniform protocols and addresses
• Intelligence at the edges
• Applications independent of network
• Network does not change content
These differences are more important than the
packet vs. switched models
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Alternatives to IPv6
• Application servers at boundary of public
network, translate to private network, but
these gateways can limit functionality
• NATing, VPNs, private spaces, but may
force re-numbering
– NATing limits peer-to-peer applications
– IPsec requires end-to-end
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Network Problems
Expanding address space raises certain issues
• Routing table growth (IPv6 may help or
hinder)
• Blocks allocated to ISPs to optimize routing
limit portability across ISPs
• Security may or may not be improved
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Space allocation policies
• If IPv6 policies are conservative, this may
slow the adoption of IPv6
• If IPv6 policies are loose, this may lead to
routing table problems and early exhaustion
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Deployment difficulties
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Dual stack: v4 and v6 in devices
Tunnels: encapsulate v4 in v6 or v6 in v4
Conversion gateways
Convert networks
– from the edges
– from the core
– by islands, either geographic or by application
(3G/4G)
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Potential roadblocks and solutions
• Cost of conversion
• Lack of confidence in v6 software
• Policies adoption
Consensus is that conversion is needed, but
when and how will depend on many factors
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IMPACT OF NEW INTERNET
PROTOCOL (IPv6)
• USA - COMMERCE DEPARTMENT TO STUDY
IMPACT OF NEW INTERNET PROTOCOL
(Interagency Task Force to Focus on Competitiveness,
Security and User Needs) October 14, 2003
• The North American IPv6 Task Force (NAv6TF)
(www.nav6tf.org)
• IPv6 Forum
• IPv6 Promotion council in Japan (www.v6pc.jp)
• Etc…
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What future for mobile Internet ? IPv6?
Today, some industry
experts say that
before the world can
truly experience next
generation
communications such
as IMT–2000 (3G-4G
etc…) mobile
services, it needs to
adopt a new protocol
known as IPv6 (128
bits based address)
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ITU World Telecommunication
Standardisation Assembly
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Florianópolis, Brazil 5-14 October 2004)
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Resolution 47 Country Code Top Level
Domain Names (To study and to review
Members States ccTLD experiences, to
take appropriate steps within their
National legal frameworks to ensure that
issues related to delegation of country
code top-level domains are resolved etc.)
Resolution 48 (IDN-Internationalised
Domain Dames)
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Resolution 49 on ENUM Current unresolved
issues concerning administrative control of the highest
level Internet domain which will be used for ENUM,
Study how ITU could have administrative control over
changes that could related to the International
telecommunication resources (Including naming,
numbering addressing, and routing) used for ENUM (in
the context of rapid developments towards the
convergence of Telecommunications and the Internet)
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Resolution 50 Cybersecurity
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Resolution 51 Combating spam
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Resolution 52 Countering spam by technical
means
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Conclusions
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• Best practices for DNS and IP addresses Management
including IPv6 implementation
• Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
• Clear responsibilities (national/regional/international)
• Why to migrate (IPv4-IPv6), when to migrate and how
to carry on this migration process are of high
importance.
• Is IPv6 one of the key issues related to the migration
from circuit-switched telephony networks to packetbased or “Next Generation Networks (NGN)”?
• Clear IPv6 and DNS policy
• At what Costs
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
[email protected]
IP Coordinator, ITU-BDT
Tel: +41 22 730 5009
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
http://www.itu.int/
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