Transcript Ancient/Classical Greece - MsLeonardsGlobalHistoryWiki

Ancient/Classical
Greece
Greek Religion
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Polytheistic
Anthropomorphic
 Interact with humans
 Act like humans
Suprahuman
 Diet – ambrosia & nectar
 Mount Olympus
The Polis
The Greek City-State
The agora
The acropolis
(defensible hill)
(marketplace)
The Phalanx &
Hoplites
The Minoans
Crete
2600-1250BC
Thalassocracy
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Peaceful
Matriarchal religion
Bureaucratic monarchy
Sea power
Sports & Arts
Technological advances
Prosperous Traders
Destruction of Minoans
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Earthquake & Tidal Wave
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Attack by Mycenaeans
Linear B – deciphered
The Mycenaeans
To Crete
from the mainland
1600-1100 BC
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Militaristic and warlike
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Monarchy
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King supported by Nobles (Feudal society)
Built on advances by early
civilizations
Declined because of internal
weakness and invasions
Dorians
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1100BC – Invaded Greece
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Dark Age of Classical Greece
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More primitive/less advanced
Eventually began assimilating other cultures into
their own
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Began to become prosperous
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Colonization
Will be followed by the Homeric Age
Phoenicians
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Lebanon and Syria
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Skilled in navigation and trading
Mediterranean Colonies
 May have circumnavigated the globe
 Early example of a world economy
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Alphabet
22 letters
 Not pictures/easier to learn
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Age of Homer
Sparta
Descended from the Dorians
 Laconia
 Conquered the native peoples (725BC)
 Made them helots (slaves)
 Threat of revolt
 Repressive Militaristic Government
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Spartans realized that to survive, they must
militarize
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2 Kings – 1 Religious, 1 Military
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5 Ephors (Executives)
 Council of Elders (30)
 Assembly
Military as focus of community/life
Xenophobic
Women
ATHENS
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Hereditary aristocracy
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Aristocrats
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Merchants
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Farmers
 Poor
 Women
 Metics (foreigners)
Natural resources
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Coastal area
Agriculture
grain, grapes, olives
 Impact on socio-economic status
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Draco
Peisistratus
Solon
Cleisthenes
Pericles
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Draco (612BC)
 “Draconian” laws
 End of arbitrary justice
Solon (630-560)
 Emergency leadership
 Cancelled debts
 4 social classes & Council of 400
 Increased size of assembly
Peisistratus (600-528BC)
 Benevolent tyrant
 Land given to poor farmers
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Cleisthenes (500BC)
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Democratic movement
10 tribes – along geographic lines
Council of 500 & larger assembly
Introduced ostracism
Pericles (495-429BC)
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Extended democracy
Champion of the poor
Council of 5000
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Rest of the Athenian population
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Women – never officially citizens
No legal rights w/o male representatives
 Few economic or educational opportunities
 Role as mothers to Athenian citizens
 Expected to stay indoors; inner courtyards
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Metics (foreigners)
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Left out of government participation
Slaves
Agricultural jobs & silver mines
 Commercial jobs & military
 Most were non-Greeks, but some were debt slaves
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Struggles for Control
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Greco-Persian Wars
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Peloponnesian War
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Persian Wars (Phase I and Phase II)
499-449BC
 Ionian Revolt
 King Darius of Persia
 Pheidippides
 Battle of Marathon
 King Xerxes of Persia
 Silver deposits discovered
 King Leonidas
 Battle of Salamis
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Peloponnesian War (431-404BC)
Delian League
 Thucydides
 Sparta (land power) vs. Athens (sea
power)
 Thebes
 Philip of Macedon
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Greek Culture
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Pre-Socratics
 Thales – water as
primary element
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Heraclitus – fire
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“You can never step in the same
stream twice
Pythagoras – numbers
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Sophists
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Protagoras – “truth is relative”
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“Man is the measure of all things”
Socrates (c.469-399BC)
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Challenged Sophists
Truth & virtue connected
Interested in absolutes
“Socratic Method”
Victim of Athenian Politics
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Plato (427-347BC)
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Academy
“Dialogues”
How do we know what we know?
Trust your mind not your senses
“The Republic”
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The Guardians
Education
Aristotle (384-322BC)
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Lyceum
“Father of Logic”
Trust your observations
(sense and mind)
Timocracy
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Science & Medicine
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Hippocrates (460-377BC)
“Father of Medicine”
 Hippocratic Oath
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Democritus (460-370BC)
“Father of Physics
 Atomic theory of the universe
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Lyric Poetry
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Sappho
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Love poetry
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Poetry about athletes
Pindar
Tragedy & Comedy
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Aeschylus – Greek Tragedian
Patriotic themes
 What happens when one displays hubris
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Sophocles
“Oedipeia”
 “Antigone”
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Euripides
Plays about lower class people
 Sympathetic toward women
 “Medea” – a wife’s revenge
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Aristophanes
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Lysistrata – women tired of war
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The Clouds– critical of philosphers
Punishment for husbands
Visual Arts
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Sculpture
to portray the ideal human
 No emotion; total control
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Architecture
Columns (Dorian, Ionic, Corinthian)
 Temples to honor the gods
 Open-air theaters
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Pottery
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Showing things important to the Greeks
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Battles
Physical contests