Transcript Germanic Tribes - WorldHistoryAccomplishments

EARLY EUROPE AND ITS GREAT
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Alex Meredith, Shawnee Flores, Ksanthi Lapa, and Zach Mullin
GERMANIC TRIBES
WHO WERE THE GERMANIC TRIBES?
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The Germanic tribes were an Indo-European group that originated in
Scandinavia.
Germanic tribes invaded places like Gaul, Italy, and Hispania.
The Germanic tribes are most known for being a big reason why the
Roman Empire fell.
Prior to the Roman Army arriving there were no written records in
their history.
GERMANIC TRIBE RELATION TO THE FALL OF ROME
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Right when the Roman Empire arrived the people of Germania would
fight with the Roman soldiers.
In the fifth century the Roman Empire had begun to loose its
strength, and the Germanic people migrated, in many different
locations.
Germania was the main reason why the Roman Empire fell. They
invaded because they wanted to defend territory that Rome could not
control.
Six tribes contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths,
Ostogoths, Vandals, Burgundians, Lombards, and the Franks.
AFTER THE INVASION
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After they defeated the Roman Empire they converted
it into Medieval Europe
Later they defended this area from the Huns, Muslims,
Magyars, and Ottomans
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
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Invaded and successfully contributed to the fall of the
Roman Empire
Created “Frameas” which is the spear
Excelled in war due to the influence of the Roman
Empire
Transformed the Roman Empire into Medieval Europe
and protected it from invaders.
ENGLAND
Europe
5th -6th Century
800-1300
600-700: KING ARTHUR
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Some believe King Arthur may have been a legend or he might
actually have been a real person.
King Arthur was the son of Uther and Igraine. He was given to Ector
and was raised in secrecy. After his father’s death, no king was there
to rule England. To solve this problem, Merlin set a sword in stone
and said whoever takes it out will become king.
Arthur was the one to take the sword out and he became king. He
married Guinevere, and his father-in-law gave him the Round Table
where Arthur and his knights sat(thus come the stories of King Arthur
and the Knights at the Round Table).
King Arthur fought the Romans and beat them, eventually becoming
emperor. One of his knights, Lancelot, committed adultery with his
wife, Guinevere, and they were both sentenced to death. Lancelot
left the kingdom and came back to rescue his lover, which caused
Arthur to declare war on his prior knight.
Arthur’s final battle was the Battle of Salisbury, where he was deeply
wounded.
“Some said he never died, but would one day return.”
800S-1000S: ANGLO-SAXON AND
DANISH ENGLAND
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The people of England originated from the Anglo-Saxons. The independent kingdoms of
England were Northumbria(southern Scotland and northern England), Mercia(central
England), and Wessex(southern England). The kingdoms were divided into governmental
districts, which were called shires.
In the early 800s, the kings of Wessex controlled almost all of England. This was soon to
change as the Vikings(the Danes) conquered England. In 871, Alfred the Great got the
throne of Wessex and was determined to get the Vikings out. He first paid them a HUGE
sum of money and spent the next five years reconstructing his army, which he used to
attack the Vikings in 876. The war went on for TEN YEARS, until the Vikings claimed for
peace in 886.
In the 900s, Alfred’s descendants allied England, reinforced the government and spread
Christianity to the people. Unfortunately, the Vikings attacked again, and by 1013 they
had conquered all of England.
King Canute of Denmark had become the new king. When it was time for his sons to
receive the throne, they were unable to live up to their father’s expectations and the
Danish royal line soon died out.
This resulted in the Anglo-Saxon nobles picking a new king: Edward the Confessor.
1000S-1300S IN ENGLAND
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Edward the Confessor unfortunately died without any children to receive
the throne in 1066. Duke William of Normandy insisted that that he get
the throne because he was a distant relative of Edward, but the AngloSaxons selected Harold of Wessex as their new king.
William and the Normans defeated the King Harold and the Anglo-Saxons,
and King Harold died in battle. Duke William of Normandy became King
William I of England(also known as William the Conqueror).
The next king, Henry I, set up a new department in his kingdom called the
exchequer, who handled his finances.
1200s – England set up a 12 juror system for court cases. Court cases
were originally tried in the king’s court but now they were trial by jury.
King John adopted the Magna Carta which stated that “the king had to
obey the law just as his subjects did, or they would be free to rebel
against him.”
1265 – England’s Great Council transformed into the Parliament of
England. The parliament was split into two houses – House of Commons
and House of Lords.
Edward I established common law for England. Common law is “the law
administered through the system of courts established for the purpose,
as distinct from equity or admiralty.”
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
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King Arthur is a historical figure that many people enjoy to hear, even if he
might not have been real. Just like heroes in The Odyssey and The Iliad, King
Arthur is one story as fascinating as the rest.
Alfred the King wanted his people to be educated. He established schools
and brought scholars from all over Europe to study in them. Under his
command, the pupils of the schools began putting together the history of
England, starting out as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
King William I brought feudalism: a political system of local government based
on the granting of land in return for loyalty, military assistance and other
services, to England.
King William I created the Doomsday Book, a record keeping of the population
of England used for tax purposes.
England established 12 jury members in trials and trials by juries. The U.S.
also uses 12 jurors in cases.
“The Magna Carta is considered one of the world’s great documents, spelling
out the basic principles of limited government and the rule of law.”
England started a government with a parliament, which is how many
countries around the world are governed. For example: Germany, Greece,
Italy, Canada, etc.
“Common law forms the basis for the present-day legal systems in the United
States and in England.”
THE VIKINGS
Who were the Vikings?
The Vikings were vicious warriors who attacked
many people across Europe. They were
warriors, merchants, pirates, and looters, who
were from Scandinavia. They raided and looted
most of the land north of the Byzantine Empire,
including the countries of Sweden, Denmark,
England , and Ireland.
Why did the Vikings raid?
The Vikings raided for multiple reasons, the
first being that they only had fishing and that
was a limited resource, and they needed more
to survive. They also raided many churches
because that was where a lot of the country’s
money was and that’s what they needed. The
Vikings attacked Monks because they were
cruel, and the monks were easy targets and
they were not trained to fight.
Where did the Vikings Invade?
The Vikings invaded many countries across Northern and
Western Europe. The Vikings sailed the majority of the North
Atlantic, they reached Russia, North Africa, and Constantinople.
In the year 793, perhaps the most famous Viking invasion in
Lindisfarne, England. Monks in Lindisfarne were either beaten
and killed or taken as slaves. These raids were notorious for
there violence and there aftermath.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF VIKINGS
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The Vikings had many great accomplishments and they are still remembered and used today, like the riches
and arts, they found. They took currencies to other countries and connected cultures.
The Vikings were one of the first to have a useful mode of transportation, boat travel.
The exploration of new worlds and the places that we know today, exist because the Vikings had the will to
explore and found new lands for people to colonize.
They discovered new culture and art and literature, new ways of trade and commerce, these were discovered
as ruins or remains of Viking raids.
The Vikings connected worlds and cultures alike, countries have been united like Norway, Sweden, Finland
and Denmark, all Scandinavian countries.
An excellent accomplishment was their weapons. They were masters with creating and using weapons,
creating armor and swords and they pioneered there winged masks by adding horns.
IMPORTANCE OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The importance of the Vikings accomplishments was that we are now able to use boat travel for daily
life. They have also showed a great deal about weapon making to future generations like how to make
quality swords and armor. Countries might not have existed for hundreds of years if the Vikings had not
found countries. This could have drastically changed the way the world is today. Also, the Vikings were
one of the first people to learn how to trade effectively and countries have adapted the trade routes
that they have used. They were the first people to find their ways to countries without using technology.
They wanted to explore and set sail for countries and have know paved the way for other countries to
send future explore like Christopher Columbus.
The art, literature and weaponry that countries know today are partly because of the Vikings and the
archeological findings of people. The art was some of the best at the time, their ships were hand
crafted into a dragon or other fine architecture at the front of the ship. For literature, the Vikings spoke
Old Norse, languages have rooted from this language. This is why these accomplishments are
important, because they have been used by people for thousands of years.
LEGACY OF THE VIKINGS
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A great legacy of the Vikings would be the Minnesota Vikings football team. If the Vikings never existed
then neither would the football team, where the culture and the people of America would have
changed.
They have also left a genetic legacy. People of Scandinavian descent probably have old ancestors, who
were once Vikings.
The main language of Britain is English, however it is called Queen’s English, which has direct root
back to the language of the Vikings, which is a strong part of their legacy.
Their greatest legacy could be the fact that they altered the map of Europe, completely expanding it,
although they rarely settled, they discovered places that have colonized and are still inhabited today, by
many people of countries over the world.
While it is not popular, the Vikings discovered lots of jewels, silver and gold, which led to the
development of many riches and jewelry.
France
CHARLEMAGNE
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Charlemagne was King of the Franks in 768 and Emperor of the
Romans from 800 until his death in 814
•He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that
incorporated most of the western and central part of Europe
• He conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope
Leo III on 25 December 800
• Temporarily, this made him a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in
Constantinople
•Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the Middle
Ages through his conquests and reforms
LOUIS I
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After Charlemagne’s death in 814, his son Louis I took over the
empire an kept it united
But when Louis I died in 840 the Carolingian Empire would not
survive
The empire was divided between his three sons by The Treaty of
Verdun (next slide)
East Francia went to Louis the German, also known as Louis II,
Middle Francia went to the eldest son of Louis I, Lothair I and West
Francia went to Charles the Bald, the youngest of his three sons
West Francia,
given to Charles
the Bald
TREATY OF VERDUN
East Francia, given to
Louis II
The Treaty of Verdun was a
treaty giving the three
surviving sons of Louis I
parts of the Carolingian
Empire
Middle
Francia,
given to
Lothair I
FEUDALISM IN FRANCE
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Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe
that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries
Constant threatening of Viking invasions, caused France to become a
very decentralized state
Because of this, the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary and
the authority of the king became more religious than effective
THE END OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE
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The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when Hugh Capet,
Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
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Charlemagne helped the development of commerce with the use of a
unified money system and the building of roads
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He put down the rules of the feudal system
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He encouraged the development of knowledge, and of reading and
writing
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He freed slaves and they became serfs (a step higher than slaves)