Transcript ROME Ides to Life

ROME
Ides to Life
PARAKAVEDEKATRIAPHOBIOA
a specialized form of
TRISKAIDEKAPHOBIA
a fear of the number 13
ORIGINS?
No definitive answer! However, some date it back to
Ancient Rome and their fear of 13 evil witches and the fact
that Friday was execution day. Friday was also the day of
Venus in Rome & obviously the love goddess had to be evil.
One argument dates it to the Last Supper that took place on a Friday and the 13
guests-the 13th was Judas (or was it Mary Magdalene?)
Some say that the arrest of the Grand Master of the Knights Templar and 60 of his
senior knights of Friday October 13, 1307 by King Philip IV of France is the origin of
this superstition. That day thousands of Templars were arrested and subsequently
tortured. (Beware the Da Vinci Code!)
FRIDAY 13th:
Do you have a grudge?
Beware the Ides of March
The term Ides comes from the earliest Roman calendar, which is said to
have been devised by Romulus, the mythical founder of Rome. Whether it was
Romulus or not, the inventor of this calendar had a penchant for complexity.
The Roman calendar organized its months around three days, each of which
served as a reference point for counting the other days:
Kalends (1st day of the month) (Calendar - Kalendrium means account book & day
To pay bills.
Nones (the 7th day in March, May, July, and October; the 5th in the other months)
Ides (the 15th day in March, May, July, and October; the 13th in the other months)
Julian calendar: the calendar established by Julius Caesar in 46 b.c.,
fixing the length of the year at 365 days and at 366 days every fourth year.
There are 12 months of 30 or 31 days, except for February (which has 28 days
with the exception of every fourth year, or leap year, when it has 29 days).
Gregorian calendar: The Gregorian calendar system dealt problems by dropping
a certain number of days to bring the calendar back into synchronization with
the seasons, and then slightly shortening the average number of days in a
calendar year, by omitting three Julian leap-days every 400 years. (1582)
Breaking with the ancient tradition of the
New Year starting in Spring the Julian
Calendar begins the year on January 1-January named after Janus with two
faces. He looks back at the past year and
looks ahead at the arriving new year. This
day was a day of vows and gifts, which
one should only say words of good omen.
After a procession each Consul
inaugurates his magistracy sacrificing to
Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva and salutes
the health of Rome and the senate. The
the people throw coins during the vows to
bring good luck. White heifers are
sacrificed and fed to the masses.
DECEMBER 25
FEBRUARY 14 WAS A DAY TO
HONOR JUNO THE QUEEN OF
THE ROMAN GODS AND
GODDESSES. THE ROMANS
ALSO KNEW HER AS THE
GODDESS OF WOMAN &
MARRIAGE.
February 14
THE FOLLOWING DAY,
FEBRUARY 15, BEGAN THE
FEAST OF LUPERCALIA. ONE
OF THE CUSTOMS OF YOUNG
PEOPLE WAS NAME
DRAWING. EACH YOUNG
MAN WOULD DRAW A GIRL’S
NAME FROM A JAR AND
WOULD THEN BE PARTNERS
FOR THE DURATION OF THE
FESTIVAL WITH THE GIRL
WHOM HE CHOSE.
February 15
Around 269 CE the Emperor Claudius II was having a heck of a time getting soldiers to join his
legions. He believed the men did not want to leave their loves or families. Claudius cancelled all
marriages and engagements in Rome. A priest Valentine married couples, He was beaten to death
and had his head cut off. The story is that it occurred on February 14. In 486 Pope Gelasius set
aside February 14 to honor St. Valentine.
1. Franks
2. Anglo-Saxons
3. Burgundians
4. Visigoth's
5. Vandals
6. Sueves
7. Astrogoths
8. Lombard's
9. Hureli
10. Huns
The meaning of the most common origin of 666 is still debated today. Some
scholars contend that the number is a code for the roman emperor nero.
The Capital City
 Town Life: Sanitation, Middle Class,
Politics
 Religion
 The Social Order: Employment and
Unemployment, Slavery
 Leisure Activities: Public Baths, Dining,
Games and Other Spectacles
 Literature

THE CAPITAL CITY
TOWN LIFE
Priapis
RELIGION
ROMAN
Jupiter, Juno, Minerva,
Vesta, Ceres, Diana, Venus,
Mars, Mercurius, Neptunus,
Volcanus, and Apollo.
GREEK
Zeus, Hera, Athena
Hestia. Demeter, Artemis,
Aphrodite, Ares, Hermes,
Poseidon,Hephaestus and
Apollo
SOCIAL ORDER
Leisure Activities
Besides board games
Roman children had
seesaws, swings, kites,
hoops and toy houses.
Girls had wood dolls to
play with.
LITERATURE
Histories: Livy,Polybius, Tacitus,
Seutonius
 Letters: Pliny the Younger
 Plays: Seneca,Plautus
 Philosophy: Seneca, Cicero, Lucretius
 Poetry: Virgil, Ovid, Catulus, Horace

ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME