Transcript Unit 3 - River Mill Academy

Unit 3
Day 23: Rome, The Empire
Late Republic Probs
 Growing tension between social classes
 Rome stretched thin (politically)
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, 133BC
 Distribute public land to soldier-farmers
 Senate urges mobs of elites to kill brothers
& supporters
 107BC Gaius Marius elected consul
 Eliminated property restrictions in army
 Armies became privatized, devotion to
general
 Social War
 Civil War
First Triumvirate, 60BC
 Rule of 3 men
 Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Crassus (rich guy)
 Crassus dies, Caesar defeats Pompey in a civil war
 Senate declares Caesar dictator for life in 44BC
 Caesar as dictator
 Gives citizenship to people in provinces
 Gave public land to veterans
 Loved by people, distrusted by Senators
 Thought he would make himself king and
destroy Republic
 Senators murder him on Ides of March
(Mar. 15)
Second Triumvirate, 43BC
 Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus (high priest)
 Lepidus pushed aside, O and MA rule ½ of
empire each
 Rome split into West and East
 Civil war
 Octavian defeats Antony and his Queen
(Cleopatra)
 Naval battle of Actium, 31BC
 Double suicide of MA & C
 Octavian = sole ruler
 Roman Republic ends, new period begins
Octavian to Augustus
 O creates new political order: Empire
 O called himself “princeps” or First Citizen
 27BC, Senate titles Octavian the Augustus
 “The Revered One”
 Augustus reigned for 40 years
 Divided power to rule Rome btwn. Himself and
Senate
 Augustan Age
 Moral, religious, cultural, political reforms
 Virgil (epic poem: Aeneid): imitate Homer
Julio-Claudians and Flavians
 Augustus dies AD 14 (WE PASSED 0!)
 For 54 years, relatives of J.Caesar ruled
 Tiberius: good soldier
 Caligula: brutal, mentally unstable
 Nero: last of Julio-Claudians, suicide in AD
68
 Civil War in Rome
 Three emperors known as Flavians (father,
2 sons) restore order to empire
Good Emperors
 AD 96, 5 rulers govern for over
century
 From provinces in empire
 Admit provincial elites into
Senate
 Trajan: Rome expands to greatest
extent
 Hadrian: gave up land, built
fortifications
 Built wall in northern Britain
Pax Romana
 “Roman Peace”, 27 BC to AD 180 (last of Good
Emperors)
 Government
 Maintained order, enforced laws, defended
frontiers
 Empire divided into provinces
 Cities governed in imitation of Rome, uniformity
 Legal System
 Laws passed by assemblies, Senate, or emperor
 Rules and penalties, applied to all citizens
 Trade/Transportation
 Agriculture, tenant farming replaced slaves
 Manufacturing: pottery and textiles, glassware,
raw materials, Asian silk, furniture
 Access to waterways, road networks
Activity
 Write a diary entry as if you were a trader in Rome during
the Pax Romana.
 Include ideas such as:
 How do you spend your day?
 Where did you go?
 What did you see?
 What goods did you sell or buy?