Transcript Honors Ancient History Final Exam Review

Honors Ancient History Final
Exam Review
True or False
• Although the Schlieffen Plan got off to a rocky
start, it proved to be an effective war strategy
for Germany.
True or False
• Between 15 and 20 million Africans were
shipped to the Americas against their will.
True or False
• The doctrine of predestination holds that God
knows who will be saved and guides the lives
of those destined for salvation.
True or False
• The Battle of Verdun remains one of the
bloodiest battles in human history with over a
million casualties.
True or False
• Industrialization causes countries to go
through dramatic social, political, economic,
technological, governmental, and cultural
changes.
True or False
• Enlightenment ideals had little to no impact in
the new nation known as the United States.
True or False
• Although Catholics viewed Jews and Muslims
as heretics, Protestants did not.
True or False
• Tanks would eventually make trench warfare
obsolete; however, WWI would be over before
they could be widely employed.
True or False
• During the 1500s, financial corruption, abuse
of power, and immorality weakened people’s
respect for priests, monks, and even popes.
True or False
• Two other names for WWI included “The
Great War” and the “War to End All Wars.”
True or False
• Copernicus was the first scientist to create a
complete model of the solar system
combining physics, astronomy, and
mathematics.
True or False
• The assassination of Serbian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand by an Austro-Hungarian nationalist
sparked WWI.
True or False
• During the Renaissance, artists and architects
made mathematics, science and reason an
integral part of their work and therefore
challenged the basic beliefs of the Catholic
Church.
• Which of the following advances in farming
was most important in the development of
cities?
• irrigation
• domestication of cattle
• the plow
• use of metal tools
• What did walking upright allow hominids to
do?
• control fire
• develop written language
• use tools
• study the sky
• Hindus believe that the atman is released
from the body at death and later reborn in
another body in a process called
• Devas.
• reincarnation.
• karma.
• moksha.
•
•
•
•
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Which came first?
the Ten commandments
the chicken
the Code of Hammurabi
Law
• What led to the emergence of more defined
social ranking?
• migration to the Americas
• the emergence of Neanderthals
• the adoption of a nomadic lifestyle
• the growth of settled communities
• A government arouse in Mesopotamia because
• The invention of writing made record-keeping
possible.
• The hunting and gathering societies there needed
structure and law.
• Large projects to control flooding required
organization.
• Their religion required a government to make
laws.
• Cultural diffusion may have affected an early
civilization
• by lowering the standards for entry into a craft
guild.
• when people adopted new customs, skills, and
technologies.
• by encouraging the preservation of distinct
characteristics.
• by making it more difficult to control trade.
• Scholars think early people might have
believed in life after death because
• surviving cave art shows the dead being
reborn.
• they put food and objects in graves.
• they did not bury their dead.
• surviving carved figurines from the period
seem to be of angels.
• The most common punishment in the Code of
Hammurabi is
• licking a hot spoon
• death
• prison
• watching Oprah reruns
• Why did pharaohs have absolute power in
Egypt?
• Pharaohs ruled the country using terror.
• The kingdom was small enough for one man
to exercise complete control.
• Egyptians believed the pharaoh received
instructions directly from the vizier.
• Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a god in
human form.
• Believing that one culture is no better than
another, just different, is an example of
• cultural relativism
• cultural diffusion
• anthropological diversity
• ethnocentrism
• Which of the following is the most sacred text
of Judaism?
• the Torah
• the Hebrew Bible
• the Talmud
• the Old Testament
• Which of the following was one way that the lives
of people in agricultural societies changed?
• People now had to spend all of their time
producing food.
• People could now spend time doing activities
other than food production.
• Gender divisions became more blurred since
everyone took part in agriculture.
• Agricultural societies were more peaceful than
nomadic societies had been.
• The first civilization arose in Mesopotamia
because
• the Phoenicians had become expert sailors.
• the area was suitable for agriculture.
• the Hittites were able to master ironworking
techniques.
• people in the Fertile Crescent had a vibrant
religious life.
• Ancient civilizations waged war in order to
• spread their ideas, beliefs, customs, and
technology.
• impose their religion on other cultures
• gain control of rich land or natural resources.
• protect the herds of pastoralists.
• What led early civilizations to create
calendars?
• the need to chart nomadic movements
• the need to chart electoral cycles as
governments developed
• the need to track yearly flooding and growing
seasons
• determining religious holidays
• Why was the discovery of Otzi the Iceman significant?
• because his well-preserved body and belongings
provided new information about Neolithic societies
• because no other Paleolithic skeletons had been found
• because no other Neolithic skeletons had been found
• because his well-preserved body and belongings
provided new information about Paleolithic societies
• Which of the following reflects the chronological
order of empires in and around the Fertile
Crescent from first to last?
• Babylonian, Akkadian, Hittite, Chaldean, Assyrian
• Assyrian, Chaldean, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite
• Akkadian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Babylonian, Hittite
• Akkadian , Babylonian , Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean
• Which of the following represents the correct
sequence in which early humanlike beings
appeared?
• Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecine,
Homo Habilis
• Australopithecine, Homo habilis, Homo erectus,
Homo sapiens
• Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Australopithecine,
Homo sapiens
• Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens,
Australopithecine
• What was one major reason that Homo
erectus migrated out of Africa?
• competition with Neanderthals for scarce
resources
• climate change
• widespread warfare
• curiosity
• Agriculture emerged
• in the Paleolithic Era.
• when religious leaders forced some people to
become farmers.
• as glaciers moved toward the equator bringing
water.
• after a warming trend resulted in new plants
and animals.
• What was an early important development of
Homo sapiens?
• spoken language
• the wheel
• farming
• domestication of animals
• How did ice ages affect worldwide migration
patterns?
• Disruption in agriculture forced people in
previously settled communities to become
nomadic migrants.
• Many roads became impassable, halting
migration.
• Land bridges connecting continents were
exposed, aiding migration.
• As ocean levels rose during the ice ages, societies
were isolated on continents.
• Early humans living during the Stone Age most
likely
• settled in permanent villages for common
defense.
• were uninterested in art or music.
• lived in small groups and moved to new areas
as food became scarce.
• worshipped one common god.
•
•
•
•
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The geography of Mesopotamia led people to
migrate to the Sinai Peninsula.
develop methods to control water.
adopt hunting and gathering as a way of life.
build cities along the Mediterranean coastline.
• Jains disagreed with Hindus over which of the
following?
• whether achieving moksha was possible
• the importance of honesty
• the emphasis on ritual
• the practice of nonviolence
•
•
•
•
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Where did the world’s first civilizations arise?
in sub-Saharan Africa
along fertile river valleys
in North America
in sparsely populated areas
• The shift from hunting and gathering to
farming is called the Neolithic Revolution
because it
• coincided with the development of wooden
tools.
• began the process of global warming.
• changed life dramatically.
• began a long period of warfare in the Fertile
Crescent.
• The Four Nobel Truths teach that
• special techniques can be used to harness
spiritual energy and achieve nirvana in a single
lifetime.
• harming animals in any way is morally wrong.
• everyone suffers from the desire for material
thinks, but overcoming these desires will bring
suffering to and end.
• all people must respect the elder members of
their family and care for children with loving
kindness.
• The book of Genesis and the Epic of
Gilgamesh agree on all but
• the divine planning of the flood
• the reason for the flood
• the building of a boat by the hero
• the sending out of birds from the boat
• Why did Egyptians bury possessions with their
dead?
• because inheritance was unknown in Egypt
• to sustain the ka in the afterlife
• to display the family’s wealth and privilege
• so the ka would recognize the body
•
•
•
•
•
One characteristic of civilization is
organized military
developed cities
fertile river valleys
industry
• Which of the following developments marked
the transition from prehistory to the historical
age?
• The Phoenician alphabet
• Hammurabi’s Code
• Cuneiform
• the Torah
• Someone who practices ethnocentrism would
fit best with which of the following phrases?
• We are all God’s children.
• It’s them and us.
• We are all in it together.
• I like ice cream with bugs in it.
• What prompted the development of recordkeeping systems?
• The establishment of graveyards in permanent
settlements
• The invention of written language
• Economic transactions
• The growing power of religion
• What led to the building of permanent
settlements?
• migration to the Americas
• the development of agriculture
• development of simple governments
• the end of bloody warfare
•
•
•
•
•
Homo sapiens means
wise man
upright man
modern man
southern ape
• Emperor Constantine made two profound
decisions that affected the future of the Roman
Empire: he converted to ____ and he built a new
capital, Constantinople, at the site of the village
of ____.
• Zoroastrianism; Persepolis
• Christianity; Byzantium
• Judaism; Tarsus
• Buddhism; Louyang
• Alexander’s empire did not grow any larger
because
• his soldiers wanted to return home.
• his generals began fighting for power.
• he reached all his goals.
• the Hindu Kush defeated him.
• Why did Constantine build a new capital?
• because he had a huge budget surplus
• to commemorate the place where he
experienced religious conversion
• to escape the authority of the pope
• because the east was richer and better
defended
• Alexander the Great’s empire and the Roman
Empire provided people with the opportunity
to share in both a common ____ and ____.
• bread; circuses
• language; government
• culture; identity
• Star Wars; Pew Pew
• Macedonia was able to take control of all of
Greece in the 340s BC because
• Xerxes was a brilliant commander of the
Macedonian army.
• a long cycle of warfare left all of Greece
vulnerable to attack.
• a terrible plague had weakened Athens and
Sparta.
• the Persian Empire had soundly defeated Athens
and Sparta.
• Which of the following represents the correct
sequence of the governments of Rome?
• Augustan Age, Caesar Age Roman Republic
• Julio-Claudians, Roman Republic, Augustan
Age, Good Emperors
• Roman Republic, Augustan Age, JulioClaudians, Good Emperors
• Roman Republic, Latin Monarchy, Good
Emperors, Augustan Age
• Socrates = ____; Plato = ____; Aristotle = _____
• Emphasis on reason and logic; Socratic Method;
Wrote The Republic
• Wrote The Republic; Emphasis on reason and
logic; Socratic Method
• Socratic Method; Wrote The Republic; Emphasis
on reason and logic
• Socratic Method; Emphasis on reason and logic;
Wrote The Republic
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After the fall of Mycenaean society
the city of Troy was destroyed in battle.
Greek civilization almost disappeared.
Minoan society emerged on Crete.
the first Greeks appeared on the Greek
mainland.
• Roman audiences enjoyed public
entertainment
• in the Colosseum or at the Circus Maximus.
• on the Palatine and Pont du Gard.
• in temples and at the Forum.
• in the Forum on Capitoline Hill.
• Rome rarely interfered with domestic affairs of
people it conquered; however, there were two
strict conditions it had on its subject people:
• abandon relations with foreign nations and
construct public works.
• provide troops and abandon relations with
foreign nations.
• provide troops and recognize the Roman emperor
as a god.
• establish trade agreements and pay citizen taxes.
• Which of the following is the correct sequence
of influential men in the development of
democracy in Athens, from first to last?
• Plato, Pericles, Draco, Solon
• Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, Alexander
• Draco, Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes
• Solon, Draco, Aristophanes, Peisistratus
• Why did Octavian adopt the title “first
citizen”?
• to emphasize that he had more power than
other magistrates
• to avoid the title of king or emperor
• to illustrate the duties of citizens in a republic
• to show that he was retiring from politics
• Which of the following describes the
government of Diocletian?
• a democratic, open society where debate was
encouraged
• a government that regulated every aspect of
life
• a corrupt republican government
• an unstable military dictatorship
•
•
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•
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The city-state of Sparta was characterized by
dependence upon the sea.
an emphasis on warfare.
an emphasis on temple worship.
democratic institutions.
• Electing tribunes and displaying the Law of
Twelve Tables
• benefited tribunes.
• protected plebeians against unjust treatment
by patricians.
• showed the influence of the Etruscans.
• violated the constitution hammered out by
the patricians and plebeians.
• Julius Caesar helped to bring an end to the
Roman Republic; however it was ____ who
formally created the Roman Empire.
• Alexander
• Crassus
• Pompey
• Octavian
• What was the result of the first Persian
invasion?
• The Persians won but Darius was killed in
battle.
• The Spartans won.
• Ionia won its independence.
• The Athenians won.
• Some of the earliest examples of Greek epic
poetry were
• written for the festival of Dionysus.
• written by women.
• the Illaid and the Odyssey.
• written by Aristophanes.
• By bringing together a number of diverse
peoples and cultures in his empire, Alexander
helped create a new type of culture. It was no
longer purely Greek, but ____, or Greeklike.
• Alexandric
• Macedonic
• Hellenistic
• Democratic
• New schools of philosophy developed during the
Hellenistic period, in part because
• people sought ways to explain the violence and
bloodshed of the period.
• classical philosophy absorbed ideas from other
cultures.
• people rejected the Greek gods.
• Alexander brought philosophers together from all
over his empire.
• The phrase “bread and circuses” referred to
• the weekly market held in the Forum.
• the reluctance of wealthy Romans to become
involved with politics.
• the free food and entertainment provided by
the government to stave off rebellions by poor
people.
• the prosperity of the Roman Empire that
allowed most Romans to live a life of leisure.
• The area of Rome where most of the
governmental buildings were located,
including where the laws were displayed, was
known as the ____.
• Forum
• Circus Maximus
• Aqueduct
• Colesseum
• Why did the Persian emperor Darius attack the
Greek mainland?
• to gain control of Greece’s vast natural resources
• to punish Athens for aiding Ionians in their revolt
against Persian rule
• to exact revenge for the Athenians’ victory at
Marathon
• to kidnap Helen, the beautiful queen of Athens
• Which of the following was one of Diocletian’s
reforms?
• He provided free food and entertainment to
Roman citizens.
• He issued the Edict of Milan.
• He divided the empire in two.
• He issued the first written legal code.
• In 509 BC, the Romans revolted and threw out
the last of the Etruscan kings and then
established a new type of government - ____ elected officials governed the state.
• empire
• communism
• republic
• democracy
• Why did a group of senators murder Julius
Caesar?
• because he was extremely unpopular with the
Roman people
• to prevent him from destroying the Roman
Republic
• to dismantle the Republic and return governing
power to the monarchy
• because he was waging a civil war
• Paul of Tarsus helped to attract non-Jews to
Christianity by
• remaining in Rome.
• actively opposing the teaching that Jesus was
the Messiah.
• following Jewish food laws.
• dispensing with some Jewish customs.
• Wealthy Romans dominated politics during
the Pax Romana because
• only patricians were allowed to hold office.
• most citizens were uninterested in politics.
• public officials were not paid so only the
wealthy could participate.
• the Roman masses cared only about bread
and circuses.
• The prosperity of Athens was due in large part
to its stable and effective government. That
government was the world’s first ____, a form
of government run by the people.
• oligarchy
• democracy
• republic
• city-state
• The period from the beginning of Augustus’
reign in 27 BC until the death of the last of the
Good Emperors in AD 180 is often called the
• Pox Ramono
• Pacs Ramana
• Pax Romana
• Pack Romana
• One of the most important ideas of
Confucianism was that
• trade should be the basis of any economy.
• women and men should be equal under the
law.
• the family was central to the well-being of the
state.
• government leaders should rule with an iron
fist.
• Buddhism became popular in China because
• its message of escape from suffering offered
more hope than did Confucianism.
• Zhang Qian introduced Buddhism when he
returned from Central Asia.
• civil service exams were based on Buddhist
principles.
• the emperor became a Buddhist in AD 200.
• In recent years many Middle Easterners have
sought solutions to their economic and social
problems in fundamentalism, which is the
• adherence to traditional political values.
• adherence to traditional social values.
• adherence to traditional religious values.
• adherence to traditional fundamental values.
• Which of the following built the largest empire
in South America?
• Moche
• Incas
• Aztecs
• Nazca
• Some Meccans did not accept Muhammad’s
teachings because he
• had a career as a merchant.
• chose to live in Yathrib.
• criticized their belief in many gods.
• refused to share the angel’s message.
• All jihad involves fighting enemies of war.
• True
• False
• Why is Ashoka considered one of India’s
greatest rulers?
• He was Hindu.
• He worked to improve the lives of people in
the empire.
• He greatly reduced the empire’s territory.
• He united the empire after centuries of
disorganization and division.
• Muhammad left behind clear guidelines for
choosing a new caliph.
• True
• False
• What led to the downfall of both the Inca
Empire and the Aztec Empire?
• internal warfare between city-states
• climate change
• a massive meteor that caused catastrophic
damage
• the arrival of Spanish explorers
• A Muslim who states, “There is no god but
God [Allah], and Muhammad is the messenger
of God,” has fulfilled the
• Ten Commandments
• pilgrimage to Mecca.
• first pillar of Islam
• giving of alms.
• Which of the following manufactured
products was most prized in the Han dynasty?
• silk
• fine, lacquered furniture
• jade products
• iron armor and swords
• Why did the Han develop a civil service
system?
• to reward soldiers for military service
• to obtain officials who held Confucian values.
• to encourage higher education among the
nation’s youth
• to solidify the dynasty’s power by offering
rivals government jobs
• Mesoamerica was the site of the first farming
settlements in the Americas because
• Europeans brought seeds and domesticated
there first.
• the warm temperatures, plentiful rainfall, and
fertile soils were ideal for agriculture.
• people settled there first.
• the groups that lived there were vegetarians.
• At the time of Muhammad’s birth, what
brought religious pilgrims to Mecca?
• the House of Wisdom
• the Dome of the Rock
• the Kaaba
• the variety of mosques
• Scholars believe the Olmec influenced other
Mesoamerican civilizations because
• there is no evidence of the Olmec after their
mysterious decline.
• elements of Olmec civilization can be seen in
later Mesoamerican civilizations.
• they were a relatively recent civilization.
• their agricultural practices were widely copied by
later civilizations.
• The Mauryan Empire was similar to the Qin
and the Han Empires because it had a strong,
centralized ____.
• economy
• military
• government
• religion
• Peasants made up what part of the population
of Han China?
• less than 2%
• about 60%
• about 25%
• about 90%
• Muhammad left Mecca because
• he believed Allah commanded him to do so.
• his teachings made it unsafe for him to stay
there.
• he wanted to spread his message.
• the Kaaba had been destroyed.
•
•
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•
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Which dynasty unified China in 221 BC?
Han
Zhou
Qin
Daoist
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•
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•
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The Muslim place of worship is called a
mosque.
Kaaba.
hadith.
minaret.
• Which of the following would a follower of
Legalism most likely have supported as a
punishment for a scholar who criticized the
government?
• forced labor on massive building projects
• two days of house arrest
• torture and death
• firing him from his university position
• Gupta scholars were the most advanced
mathematicians of their day. They developed
the modern math system using the concept of
____ and other ____ numerals.
• algebra; Arabic-Hindu
• geometry; Greco-Hindu
• zero; Hindu-Arabic
• zero; Roman-Arabic
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•
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The Qur’an says that women
must wear veils.
must dress modestly.
must dress in long robes.
must be hot like that lady on the video.
• The difference between Sunni and Shi’ite
Muslims is
• the Shi’ites have a strong odor.
• the way in which divine guidance is
discovered.
• the types of camels they ride.
• Sunnis worship Muhammad and Shi’ites
worship Allah.
• What led to the split in the Christian Church in
1054?
• the refusal of the patriarch of Constantinople to
recognize the pope’s authority
• a pacifist group’s opposition to the Crusades
• the desire of Henry IV for a divorce from his wife
• the defeat of the Papal States by Otto the Great
• How many organized Crusades set out from
Europe between 1096 and 1291?
• 3
• 7
• 4
• 9
• The fundamental concept behind the Magna
Carta is the idea of
• divine right of kings.
• absolutism.
• limited government.
• taxation.
• Europe became a feudal society because
• the rarity of cash required land to be used as a
payment for services.
• overpopulation required that a more efficient
agricultural system be developed.
• Europeans needed to defend themselves
against constant raids and invasions.
• skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming
techniques improved.
• Merchants asked the king for special charters
for town because
• the Crusades made Europe less safe, so rural
people banded together for protection.
• they wanted to keep women out of guilds.
• the merchants did not want to pay fees to
feudal lords.
• they wanted charters granting religious
freedom.
• The reason why the clergy was so influential
during the Middle Ages was because they
served as the peoples’ main connection to the
church.
• True
• False
• Distinct cultures and ways of life developed in
Africa because
• people migrated to different parts of Africa from
different regions of the world.
• different regions of the continent have different
landforms, climates, and vegetation.
• strict laws forbid marrying outside one’s village.
• the continent is about twice as large as the
United States.
• The two religions that spread into Africa from
Arabia due to contact through trade are
• Christianity and Buddhism.
• Animism and Islam.
• Islam and Christianity.
• Buddhism and Animism.
• ____ originated partly as result of Viking,
Magyar, and Muslim invasions.
• Charlemagne’s Empire
• The Middle Ages
• Feudalism
• Manorialism
• The feudal system had which of the following
effects?
• It centralized government.
• It increased the pope’s power.
• It diminished the power of kings.
• It freed most Europeans from work
obligations.
• The goal of the First Crusade was to
• convert Muslims to Christianity.
• take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from
the Muslims.
• conquer Constantinople.
• take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from
the Byzantines.
• Charlemagne was important because he was able
to
• increase the rights of women during the Early
Middle Ages.
• united Europe for the first time since the fall of
Rome.
• promote religious tolerance among the people he
conquered.
• lead several successful campaigns during the
fourth Crusade.
• The church’s influence increased around 1000
because at that time
• the Moors were finally driven completely off
the Iberian Peninsula.
• there was an upsurge of religious devotion
across Europe.
• the feudal system emerged.
• Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the
pope.
• Why were many of the written works created
during the Early Middle Ages religious texts?
• Few people were very religious.
• Few people outside of the clergy could read
and write.
• Church law required it.
• Most people did not enjoy reading epics or
romances.
• Which of the following was not a result of
growing trade during the High Middle Ages?
• Growth of cities
• Use of coin and credit
• Merchants moving into cities to avoid taxes
• Trade Fairs
• What common feature did many African societies
share?
• They were forced to pay tribute to stronger
groups that lived in the area.
• They originated in sub-Saharan Africa.
• They were village-based cultures built around
clans.
• They claimed to be descendants of the Queen of
Sheba.
• Both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri
wrote in
• the vernacular.
• Latin.
• English.
• calligraphy.
• The challenges of the late Middle Ages led to
the collapse of medieval society and the
creation of a new movement/society in Italy
known as the ____.
• Awakening
• Inquisition
• Renaissance
• Roman Empire
• The pope’s influence in the Middle Ages
resulted from
• the economic influence of the Papal States.
• the powerful army he headed under General
Charlemagne.
• the fact that nearly everyone in Europe was
Christian.
• his appointment by the Roman Emperor.