Transcript Religion
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of the location of the capital (Rome)? • Why would Hannibal be able to surprise the Romans with his attack? • Rome fights in 3 Punic Wars to defeat Carthage. Why is this important? Summary of what we have learned so far……. 509 BC Rome becomes an Empire 334 BC Alexander the Great starts the empire 323 BC Alexander the Great dies and empire splits 70 BC Roman Empire grows – from Anatolia in the east to Spain in the west 330 AD Constantine moves capital from Rome to Byzantium and names it Constantinople Contributes to the division and decline of Roman Empire 380 AD Christianity becomes the empires’ official religion 476 AD Last Roman emperor is removed from office Alexander the Great’s Empire Roman Empire at its greatest Constantine moves the capital PREDICT: What impact might this have on the Roman Empire? Diocletian splits the Empire LT 3.E I can identify events that contributed to the advancement of Eastern Europe & the Middle East during the Middle Ages. • https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/150 9cf02d28c68d1?projector=1 • Video of Byzantium (4:06) Constantine’s City-Constantinople Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire Constantinople: A Greek City (Istanbul Today) Cultural Advancements of the Byzantine Empire 1. Law 2. Education 3. Religion 4. Architecture Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564] Empress Theodora Justinian’s Empire at its Peak LAW - Justinian’s Code Corpus Juris Civilis: 1. Digest 2. Code 3. Institutes EDUCATION • Common language – Greek • Works of Ancient Greece and Rome are preserved RELIGION • Orthodox Christianity – spreads throughout Eastern Europe and the Middle East. • The Great Schism (split) – Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church separate (1054) ARCHITECTURE - Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom] Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia Arabia: ? A Threat to the Great Empires ? Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad • Settled people • Nomads rare, but important – caravan link Muslim Empire Growth of Islam and the Muslim Empire CROSSROADS OF TRADE The Rise of Islam • From the time of Muhammad, Muslim control ranges from Spain to China • Many Islamic kingdoms and empires, no single Muslim empire Spread of Islam under Muhammad Cultural Advancements of the Muslim World • Trade • Education • Religion • Architecture Trade • The Muslim Trade Network connected the Silk Roads of China and India with Europe and Africa • Muslims needed a single language (Arabic) and a single currency to trade. • Banks set up credit that could be exchanged for cash throughout Muslim lands Spice Trade Routes Education • Arabic - common, unifying language • House of Wisdom in Baghdad – combination library, academy and translation center. – Scholars of different cultures and beliefs worked side by side – Muslim scholars used the knowledge of Greek, Indian and Arab traditions. Made advancements in Math, Science, Art, Literature and Philosophy Religion • Islam was spread from China to Spain • Islam and Arabic language - Uniting factor of the regions, caliphates and empires • Advancements were able to flourish for centuries Muslim Conquests Muslims practiced religious tolerance for Jewish and Christian faith (“people of the book”) as long as they paid their taxes Architecture • Cities throughout Muslim World founded or expanded (Cordoba, Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Baghdad) • The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem are some of the best examples of Islamic architecture