Transcript Ancient Rome - Rowan County Schools

Bell Work:
• Quiz – Surprise!
Ancient Rome
World Civilization A
Mrs. Elam & Mrs. Wilson
The Geography of Rome
Physical Characteristics
Ancient Rome was….
• Next to the Mediterranean Sea
• It covered parts of Europe, Asia
and Africa
• A peninsula
• Rocky and mountainous
• Built on hills
• Next to the Tiber River
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Italy in 750 BCE
Etruscan Political System
Z
Independent, fortified city-states.
Z
Formed small confederacies.
Z
Had a strong military that dominated
all the surrounding peoples.
Z
By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had
conquered much of the Italian
peninsula,including Rome and the island
of Corsica.
The Etruscan Alphabet
Etruscan Religion
Z Polytheistic.
Z Believed that the destiny of man
was determined by the whims of
the gods.
Z Believed in prophecy and reading
the signs of nature by augurs.
Z Believed in predestination.
Influence of the Etruscans
 Writing
 Religion
 The Arch
Etruscan Tomb
Wall &
Tomb Fresco
The Gate of Volterra:
First known Archway in History!
The Mythical Founding of
Rome:
Romulus & Remus –
Volunteers?
Representative
Democracy
• Citizens (wealthy men) voted for
representatives to make laws for them.
• Laws applied to everyone.
We use a representative
democracy in America today!
Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
 Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians.
Adaptations to the
Environment
Ancient Romans adapted to their
mountainous land by
1.
2.
3.
Growing olives and grapes
Having small farms on terraced hillsides
Trading on the Mediterranean Sea
The People of Ancient Rome
• Men were citizens
• Women were caretakers
– Boys were educated
• Girls learned handicrafts and
household chores
What would you be doing in
Ancient Rome?
Jobs of the Romans
• Farmers
• Road builders
• Traders
Roman Art
Roman artists created:
Pottery
Jewelry
Tools
Mosaics were a special art form that used small
pieces of tile, glass or stone.
Architecture
Romans used
arches
in buildings, bridges and
aqueducts.
Roman Aqueducts
Aqueducts were designed to
pump water in to the city. The
water was used for humans and
for irrigation.
Rome’s Early Road System
Road Building
The Romans created a network of
paved highways. This joined the
empire together and allowed
soldiers to move swiftly from one
area to another.
Roman Roads:
The Appian Way
Religion
The Romans began by worshipping
different gods and goddesses (like
the Greeks), but eventually
become Christians.
Ancient Romans also….
• Changed our calendar to 365 days
and named the months
• Gave us 1/3 of our English
language
• Used Roman numerals that we still
see today on clocks, watches, and
in books
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
School Life
• Academic Year
• Began March 24 (Feast of Minerva)
• 7 days/week, but many holidays (e.g., Quinquatria
(Mar. 19-24)
• Sunrise start, followed by lunch/siesta & classes
• Corporal Punishment common
• Knuckles, ears, hair, posterior all fair targets
• Horace referred to his teacher Oribilus as a “plagosus”
(thrasher!)
• Pedagogy
• Oral emphasis (dictation, lecture, disputation)
• Memorization and recitation, enunciation
• Quaestiones (abstract concepts) vs. causae (specific
situations) vs. declamatio (advocacy of action)
• No systematic study or curriculum until 1st c. BC
Roman tools for school
What are Myths?
• Tells a traditional story
• involving supernatural beings or
forces
(not always)
• embodies and provides an
explanation for something such as
–
–
–
–
the early history of a society
a religious belief or ritual
a natural phenomenon
(a cultural\moral allegory)
• The Romans also
went to the
theatre to watch
plays or listen to
music.
• The actors often
wore masks to
show whether
their character
was sad or happy.
The Roman Forum
The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
Disgust and Delight
• Upper class sponsors gladiators
and paints pictures of them in
murals in their homes, but claims
to hate the combat in public
• Roman senate declares that
people who fight in gladitorial
combat could lose their high
status . . . Yet they had mockfights themselves
The Rules According to
Claudius
• If a gladiator fell down (even if by
accident), he had to be killed, so
that the emperor could see his
face as he died.
Animals and Combat
• Animal fights grew more popular
as the empire expanded and
access to exotic animals from
conquered provinces grew
• Emperor appears more powerful if
he can bring animal fights to the
people
• Animals are chained together to
fight
Why did Romans admire
them?
• Not in Roman society, but still
were famous
• Courageous fighters
• Got praise and were popular
heroes
When the upper class plays
gladiator . . .
• Fight prostitutes dressed up as
animals
• Fight tame animals that would not
really hurt them
• Engage in mock arena fights in
private
Fight to the death
• An *intentional* fight to the death was
more rare than you might think
• Gladiators would often fight until
surrender or injury
• Often fought with dull weapons
• Crowd could demand that the fight stop
Explaining death
• Gladiators control their fate on their
funeral monuments
• Say they were victims of Nemesis
(revenge)
• Opponent cheated
• Never appear in death to be the
victim of the crowd or killed on a
whim
All good things come to an end
• Constantine publically declares his
hatred for gladiatorial combat, but
does not stop it
• His son, Constantius II, prevents
members of the imperial guard
from fighting
• By the 4th century, emperors no
longer act as sponsors
• The result is a decline in
gladiatorial combat
Conclusions
• This is a public spectacle
• The Romans equated this
experience with going to the
theater
• For the gladiator, however, this
was a chance to overturn the
social order of things and receive
fame and fortune
Roman Relaxation
What did the Romans do to
entertain themselves?
Did they play games?
How did they relax?
Roman Baths
Why were baths so popular
with the Romans?
• Roman baths were •
more like a visit to a
leisure centre than a
quick scrub.
• The Romans loved the
baths because they
were a good place to •
meet people and
business could be
conducted there.
• When you went to the
baths you firstly
changed and did some•
exercises.
Then you might have a
swim before going into
a series of rooms that
made you hotter and
hotter to help you sweat
off the dirt.
All the dirt and sweat
was then scraped off
with a STRIGIL (made
out of metal).
They then swam in the
cold pool.
Games
• The Romans
played similar
games to what we
play today. Board
games with
counters and dice
were very popular
with the Romans.
• Hunting was also
popular. People in
the countryside
The Legacy of Rome
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Republic Government
Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch
A Bit of Perspective