Transcript ch_ 6 overviewx - Flushing Community Schools

The Origins of Rome
• Early Inhabitants
– Greeks-South and Sicily
– Latins-Original Settlers
– Etruscans-Northern Italy-alphabet/Architecture
The Early Republic
• Patrician versus Plebian
– Be able to identify the differences between the
two
– Patrician-Wealthy with Power
– Plebian-commoners who gained power via
tribunes
Government Under the Republic
Roman Army
Rome Spreads it Power (with Army)
Roman Territory after Punic Wars
The Punic Wars
• FIRST WAR
Battle over Sicily-Rome=winner winner
chicken dinner
• SECOND WAR- Hannibal’s amazing attempt of
revenge. Counterattacked by Scipio who
attacked Carthage
• THIRD WAR-Rome Burns Carthage to the
ground!
Second Punic War
Second Punic War
Third Punic War
Section 2
Economic Turmoil
• Big gap between rich and poor
- Rich landowners lived on huge estates
with slaves used to work the lands
-Former soldiers had land and could not
compete so they were forced to sell the
land
-Tiberius and Gaius proposed reforms to
help poor farmers (limiting size of estates)
Military Upheaval
• Generals got selfish and tried to seize power.
-Recruited soldiers by promising land
-Led to lack of loyalty
-Generals could now take over via force
Julius Caesar takes advantage
• He is serves as Consul for a year
• Names himself Governor of Gaul
• Was called back to Rome to face charges
-Instead he brought his Army
• Appointed Dictator for life by the Senate
Caesar’s Reforms
• Absolute ruler-but made reforms
- Expanded the Senate
-Created Jobs (public works programs)
-increased pay for Soldiers(more pay=more
loyalty)
• Senators kill Julius Caesar on the Senate Floor
• Were in fear of his Power
Beginning of the Empire
• Caesar dies-Octavian, Mark Antony and
Lepidus take over
– Lepidus forced to retire
– Marc Antony falls in love with Cleopatra
– Octavian defeats Marc Antony after accusing him
of wanting to move the Capital to Egypt
Octavian=Augustus
• Started Pax Romana
• 3 million square miles and 60-80 million
people
• Government at its best
– Glorifed Rome, paid govt workers, postal system,
tax collection
– Government Stayed in Place long after he died
Society and Culture
• Most People in Rome were poor/unemployed
• Government provided entertainment
– 150 holidays a year
– Gladiator games, mock battles, races, etc.
Christianity
• Christians were persecuted by Romans for
refusing to worship Roman gods
• Constantine ended persecution of Christians
and accepted Christianity after fighting for
leadership of Rome prayed and saw an image
of a cross. He won the battle
• Bishop of Rome=head of Christian (Catholic)
Church
The Fall of the Roman Empire
• The Economy Weakens
– Pirates and Barbarians oh my!
– No more Gold and Silver
– Taxes Raised
– Inflation
– Farmland gone bad (war and overuse)
Military and Political Turmoil
• Military
– Soldiers less loyal and disciplined
– Mercenaries worked for less
– Loyalty went bad
Roman People
• Average citizens loss loyalty
Emperors Attempt Reform
• Diocletian
– Doubled the size of Roman Army
– Controlled inflation by fixing prices
Division of the Empire
• Roman Empire divided into 2 parts
• East and West (Latin and Greek)
• Constantine moved the Capital to Byzantium
– Closer to his hometown
– City was more progressive
– More going on on the East Side
The Western Empire Crumbles
• Always a threat for invasion with 3 million
square miles of territory
• By Land and Sea
• From the North and East
• Leads to the eventual collapse of the Western
Roman Empire