Transcript Xerxes

Students will define the vocabulary
associated with Chapter 4.3
Wednesday, October 9, 2013
Bell Ringer
Define: Pages 118-123
•Age of Pericles
•Direct democracy
•Ostracism
•Xerxes
Age of Pericles

Period of classical Athenian and Greek
history which saw the height of Athenian
power and brilliance.
Direct Democracy
(in ancient Greece)
A
system of government in which every male
citizen participates directly in government
decision making though mass meetings.
Ostracism
(in ancient Greece) temporary
banishment from a city by popular vote.
 Helped protect against ambitious
politicians considered to be harmful.

Xerxes
Persian Monarch famous for leading the
Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE.
 Son of Darius I

The Challenge of Persia

Greek expansion eventually causes them to
come in contact with the PERSIAN Empire
to the East.

The IONIAN Greek cities in western Asia
Minor were lost to the Persian Empire in the
mid-sixth century.

In 499 B.C. these cities led a REVOLT
against the Persians with the help of the
ATHENIAN Navy

This unsuccessful revolt led the Persian King
DARIUS to seek revenge on ATHENIANS.
Darius Attacks
“ Sire, Remember the Athenians”
In 490 B.C. the Persians landed on the plain of MARATHON
-
Marathon was 25 miles from Athens.
-
The Athenians were outnumbered
-
Athens ATTACKED and DEFEATED the Persians
The Persians returned to Asia and Pheidippides raced from
MARATHON to ATHENS (25 miles) and with his last breath
announced “Victory, We Win,” before dropping dead.
-
Today’s MARATHON race is based on this heroic story.
This was a minor defeat for Persia, but it gave the Athenians new
CONFIDENCE in their city-state.
Xerxes
Became the new Persian MONARCH. He planned to get revenge on
the loss his father suffered at Marathon.
In preparation for the attack, the GREEK states formed a defensive
league under the SPARTANS.
-
The Athenians however followed a new military policy.
o
Navy = fleet of 200 vessels.
Xerxes Forces:
-
180,000 troops
-
Thousands of vessels
300 Spartans Vs. Persians
Xerxes led invasion into Greece
 300 Greek soldiers
 Defend against 7,000 Persians
 Traitor tipped Persians off
 Months after Greek defeat Greeks
formed largest Greek army of the time to
defeat the Persians.

The Athenian Empire
After the Persians were defeated Athens
took leadership of the entire Greek
world.
 Delian League- Defensive alliance against
the Persians.

The Great Peloponnesian War
Greek world became divided
 Athenian Empire Vs. Sparta
 Disputes of different societies led to the
Peloponnesian war

Athenians Strategy
Planned to remain behind their cities
protective walls
 Athenians had a better navy
 Receive supplies from their navy

Spartans Strategy
Surrounded Athens
 Better Army
 Beat Athenians in open battles
 Plague broke out in Athens

End of the War
War lasted another 25 years after Pericles
(Athenian politician) died from the plague.
 Athenians lost after the battle of
Aegospotami on the Hellespont.
 Athens surrendered
 Athenian empire destroyed

Directions
1.
2.
3.
Complete Compare and Contrast
Graphic Organizer on Persians and
Athenians
Reading Check Questions (pp. 121-125)
Work on Study guide when finished