Transcript Powerpoint - Lake Oswego Art Literacy

The Art of Ancient
Greece and Rome
Architecture
Sculpture
Ancient Greece
650 B.C. – 150 B.C.
Origin of Western Civilization
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Art
Architecture
Poetry
Drama
Philosophy
Government, law,
logic
• History and
mathematics
• Humanism
• Human figure
principle motif
• Ideal proportions
• Stressed harmony,
order, clarity of
thought
Modern
Asia
Minor
Turkey
ITALY
Ancient
Greece
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Greek Architecture
During the Classical Period
480 – 323 BC
Artist’s drawing of the Acropolis, Athens c. 438 BC
Acropolis
• Nearly every Greek city had an acropolis
(“high city”) – a walled fort for protection
• As city moved outwards, Athens's acropolis
became religious center
• Athens's acropolis was premier temple
complex of all Greece
• Hill is dominated by two temples to AthenaParthenon and Erechtheum
Erechtheum
Parthenon
The Acropolis Today
Parthenon
• Parthenon built on Acropolis in Athens
• Temple is the model for thousands of
buildings in western world
• Colors have worn away
• Sculptures removed to other lands
• Explosion in 1687
The Parthenon
447 – 438 BC
Elements: What you see
What lines do you see?
Where would you have seen diagonal lines?
What shapes do you see?
Technical Properties:
How it was made
What materials
were used in
construction?
Marble
How long do you
think it took to
build?
15 years
Entablature
Capital
DORIC ORDER
The Parthenon
detail of
interior frieze
Depicts idealized
Athenian soldiers
on horseback
IONIC
ORDER
North front of the Erechtheum
•Sculptural
columns
•Classical ideal
of youth,
beauty,perfect
proportions
•Warning!!!
Betrayal will be
punished
Caryatids on the Erechtheum Porch
CORINTHIAN
ORDER
•Used mostly in
colonies
•Taller with leaf
capital
•Favorite of Romans
Temple of Zeus 6th Century B.C.E.
Greek Vase Painting
• Virtually all paintings and frescoes of
ancient Greece have been destroyed
• Visual record is saved on pottery
• Most displayed geometric pattern and
figure drawing
• Scenes often related to function of pot
often with heroes or gods
Geometric Style
Amphora
Analatos
Painter
c. 700 BC
•Geometric patterns
•Do figures look real?
Archaic Period
What
are
they
doing?
Amphora by Exekias c. 530 BC
GREEK SCULPTURE
Classical Period
5th-4th Century BC
• Anatomically correct
• Capable of movement
• Facial expressions are serene
• Idealized youth and beauty
• Influenced Renaissance Artists in 15th C
Classical Period
•Original was bronze - only copies
remain
•Elements of Classical Style
•Anatomical detail
•Sense of motion
•S-curves
•Idealized youth and beauty
The Discus Thrower
by Myron c. 480 – 450 BC
Classical Period
Aphrodite de Melos
Original c. 480 - copy c. 150
BC
•Who is she?
•6’ 8” tall
•Rescued from scrap pile
•Now in Louvre Museum
in Paris
•Better know as?
The Art of
Ancient Rome
509 BCE – 476 CE
Architecture
Sculpture
Roman Empire included:
• Entire Mediterranean and Black Sea worlds
• All of western Europe
• Ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia
Ancient Rome
• Recognized greatness of Greek art
• Borrowed from it
• Added emotion and realism to
sculpture to honor and celebrate Roman
leaders and citizens
• Changed architecture with
development of concrete and
supporting arch
Portrait Bust of
Julius Caesar
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Created as Julius Caesar was
attempting to become emperor
Portrait busts were the specialty of
Roman artists—there are thousands!
Usually marble or bronze
Commemorated, glorified or
promoted a prominent citizen
Many busts were originally painted
What makes this bust look realistic?
Sunken cheeks, lines around mouth,
wrinkled brow
50 BCE, marble
Portrait Bust of Aristotle
*2nd Century BCE
Roman copy of Greek
original (c. 325 BCE)
Aristotle, who lived
from 384 to 322 BCE,
is one of the important
founding figures in
Western Philosophy
Remarkable for realism
and expressiveness
• Faces were carved to be
realistic….
…..warts and all!
Portrait Bust of
an Elderly
Woman
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There is still red pigment on the hair,
lips, eyebrows and eyelashes
There is still black pigment in the
right eye
Hair style reflects the fashion of the
time
Created in the late Republic/Early
Empire Period
What is her expression?
Somber, Serious
40-20 BCE, marble, 10 ¼” high
Augustus of
Prima Porta
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Portrayed as orator (outstretched
arm) and General (dressed in a
breastplate)
Larger than life
Deified after death
Relief sculpture on larger sculpture
How does this sculpture show
movement?
Position of feet, legs, arm
Where does this sculpture show
texture?
Hair, breastplate, draped clothing
19 BCE, marble, 7’ high
The Colosseum
How is this different
from Greek building?
The Colosseum
• Romans were excellent planners and
engineers
• Two main contributions to architecture:
– Cement
– Arch
• Colosseum covers 6 acres
• Seating capacity 50,000
• Still one of the largest single buildings
in the world
Colosseum Exterior
• Large masses of stone from
Colosseum used to construct new
buildings
• Stopped around 1032
• Four levels
• Lower three – different Greek column
• Decorative only – do not support
walls
Different column type on each level
Name that column
DORIC
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CORINTHIAN
The Arch of Constantine
•Arches
constructed in
battlefield to
celebrate victory
•Permanent arches
built in Rome
•Relief sculptures
show heroes of the
battle
•Find the keystone
Trajan’s Column
• Trajan conquered what today
is Romania
• Column is to celebrate the
victory
• 650 ft spiral band includes 150
separate episodes
• Includes thousands of figures
• 100’ high (125’ with statue)
• Spiral staircase inside leads to
top
Trajan’s Column - Detail
• Sculpture showing
historical event is
uniquely Roman
• Spiral band of
sculpture or frieze is
about 4’2” wide
• First visual
documentary
Astoria Column
• Patterned on Trajan’s
Column
• Pictorial frieze using
sgraffito technique
• Built to honor:
– Captain Robert Grey
– Lewis and Clark
– Arrival of the Great Northern
Railway
• Story reads from bottom up
• Interior staircase that leads
to cupola
The Pantheon
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Temple dedicated to all the gods
Dome resting on a cylindrical base
Both made of poured concrete
Walls are 20 feet thick
Portico (porch) in front (Greek)
Every country in western world has
“borrowed” the Pantheon design
• Including the United States Capitol
The Pantheon
What kind of columns are these?
Who commissioned the Pantheon?
Corinthian!
Marcus Agrippa
The dome represents the
dome of heaven and used to be
gilded
Yes, that is a hole in the roof!
It is called an oculus (eye)
rain?
The repeating recessed
squares within the dome
reduce its weight and mass
Niches in the walls contain
statues of famous Romans
Interior of Pantheon c 1740 Giovanni Pannini
The dome is supported by the
cylindrical base
Lakewood Center
• Built in
1893
• Rebuilt
in 1928
with the
current
façade
GREEK!
ROMAN!
GREEK! Greek or Roman? ROMAN!
• Columns?
•Base with step?
•Pediment?
•Bust?
•Niche?
•Arch
with
keystone?
Roman 2-D Art
•Art in Ancient Rome took on a wider, and sometimes
more utilitarian, purpose than Greek art.
•Roman culture assimilated many cultures and was for
the most part tolerant of the art forms of conquered
peoples.
•Roman art was commissioned, displayed, and owned in
far greater quantities, and adapted to more uses than in
Ancient Greece.
•Wealthy Romans decorated their walls with art, their
home with decorative objects, and themselves with fine
jewelry.
View of a Garden from Villa of Livia Fresco
20 BCE
Rome, Italy
What makes
this fresco
symmetrically
balanced?
What did Ancient Romans do if they did not have a view from a
real window?
Paint the view on the wall
Can you spot the birds in the air and the fruit on the trees?
Entry and Atrium with Dog
Mosaic
Pompeii, Italy
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
425 ce Ravenna, Italy
What is a mausoleum?
Portrait of a Woman in Mosaic
(1st Century Naples, Italy)
Different colors of mosaic
pieces create light and shadow
Pieces in face are arranged
organically
Pieces in background are
arranged geometrically
Notice the Roman style of
making portraits realistic
Hands-On Project
Roman Mosaic
Step 1:
Choose template or create
own with graph paper and transfer to
cardboard circle.
Step 2:
Assemble colored paper
squares on board in design chosen.
You may need to cut squares into
triangles or smaller pieces to fit your
pattern.
Step 3:
Glue mosaic pieces into
place, leaving slight gaps.
Step 4:
Step 5:
Display your beautiful mosaic