Transcript Roman Colosseum today

Chapter 9 Section 1 Life in Ancient
Rome
While the Romans adopted many
ideas from the Greek
Caligula and his favorite horse
people, they adapted these ideas to fit their needs.
The Romans appreciated Greek art and architecture.
However, the statues created by Roman artists were made
to look more as the person appeared in life including any
flaws or physical imperfections unlike the Greeks who
were made to look perfect.
Romans used the Greek ideas in architecture as well, but
added arches and domes to structures. Arches supported
bridges and aqueducts, while rows of arches built against
one another produced a vault or curved ceiling.
Roman Colosseum today
Romans were the first to use concrete- a very
durable building material. Therefore, many of the
structures from ancient Rome are still standing.
Concrete was created from broken stone, brick,
rubble with a bonding agent – in this case volcanic
ash /powder such as lime – and water. Once
hardened it becomes very durable.
The Colosseum was made with concrete.
• Construction on the Colosseum began under
Emperor Vespasian (69-79) and was completed
under his son Titus (79-81) in 80 AD. It was built on
the site of an artificial lake created by Nero in this
valley between Rome's many hills, in front of his
Domus Aurea palace.
• The arena was then known as the Flavian
Amphitheatre, after the family name of the
emperors who built it. The name "Colosseum" was
not used until 7th century, and derives from the
colossal statue of Nero that once stood here. After
Nero's death, the statue was transformed into a
representation of Helios, the sun god.
Inside the Colosseum
• The arena was restored in about 230 AD by
Emperor Alexander Severus (222-35). The
statistics of those who met their deaths at the
Colosseum during another festival, held in 240
AD, are staggering: 2,000 gladiators; 70 lions;
40 wild horses; 30 elephants; 30 leopards; 20
wild asses; 19 giraffes; 10 elks; 10 hyenas; 10
tigers; 1 hippopotamus; and 1 rhinoceros
The Circus Maximus
Reenactment of Circus Maximus
Pantheon
• The Pantheon is a magnificent ancient temple in
Rome that was later converted into the church of
Santa Maria ad Martyres. Dating from 125 AD,
this is the most complete ancient building in Rome
and one of the city's most spectacular sights.
• Until the 20th century, the Pantheon was the
largest concrete structure in the world.
Michelangelo studied its great dome before
starting work on the dome of St. Peter's Basilica.
• The Pantheon was dedicated to pan theos, "all the
gods." When it became a church, it was dedicated
to the Virgin Mary and all the martyrs
Inside the Pantheon
• Inside the great Pantheon in Rome. The first
temple on this site was founded in 27 BC by
Marcus Agrippa, who is given credit for the
building on the portico inscription. But the
Pantheon was completely reconstructed in
125 AD by Hadrian, a cosmopolitan emperor
who had traveled widely in the East. Hadrian
himself is credited with the basic plan, an
architectural design that was unique for the
time.
Many Roman authors based their writings on the
Greeks.
Virgil’s epic poem, Aeneid, used Homer’s ideas
and message.
Horce wrote satires which poked fun at human
weaknesses.
Possible images of Horace
Livy was one of Rome’s famous
historians writing The History
of Rome about 10 B.C. He
believed that history had
important moral lessons.
Possible image of Livy-
And Tacitus wrote a darker side to Roman
history believing that Romans were losing
their values.
Advancements in Science:
Romans learned from Greek science.
Galen brought medical ideas to Rome
emphasizing the importance of anatomy.
Ptolemy, having lived in
Alexandria, Egypt, studied the heavenly bodies
and mapped over 1,000 different stars. He wrote
about the movements of the planets, although he
was wrong about the Earth being the center.
The Forum was the central market and place of business
in the city.
Gallo-Roman Villa
The ruins of the Forum
in Rome---------Roman cities were
organized –engineeredcarefully planned. Main
roads crossed at right
angles. The wealthy lived in large comfortable houses
with beautiful gardens and inner courts called atrium
(like expensive hotel lobbies today.) While the less
fortunate or the poor lived in crowded, dirty, and noisy
environments within the city.
NOTE: Emperor Trajan- there was a mall.
Apartments were built up to six stories high, often poorly
built and made of wood and stone. So, these buildings
were in constant danger of collapsing or catching fire.
All Roads Lead to Rome
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