Transcript Chapter 1: Byzantine and Muslim Civilizations

CHAPTER 1: Byzantine and
Muslim Civilizations
SECTION 1: The Byzantine Empire
VOCABULARY
• Strait: (noun) A narrow passage that links two
bodies of water
• Schism: (noun) A split, particularly in a church
or religion
• Icon: (noun) An image of a holy person
• Patriarch: (noun) Highest church official in
Constantinople
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
• 306 AD he became the Roman Emperor
• Stopped the persecution of Christians
• Converted to Christianity himself after he wins
the Battle of Milvian Bridge
– Christianity becomes the official religion of the
empire
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
(Continued)
• 330 AD moves the capital
city from Rome to Byzantium
– Renames new capital
Constantinople (Map Page 9)
(Means city of Constantine)
– People living around
Constantinople still called
Byzantines
Map of Byzantine Empire
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
SPLITS
• After the death of Constantine, the Roman
Emperors who followed him continued to rule
from Constantinople
• Roman Empire splits in two
– Eastern half is based in Constantinople
• Called The Byzantine Empire
• Eastern half is more powerful
– Western half is based in Rome
• Western half is weak
• 476 AD Western half falls to the “Barbarians”
Map of Byzantine Empire
THE RISE OF THE CITY OF
CONSTANTINOPLE
• City was located on the Bosporus Strait (Map Page 11)
– Bosporus Strait connects Black Sea with Mediterranean
Sea
– Strait also is a link between Asia and Europe
– This was a major crossroads of land and sea trade
routes
• As a result many trade goods passed through
the city
– Byzantines taxed these goods
– Results in great wealth for the empire
Map of Byzantine Empire
DEFENDING
CONSTANTINOPLE
• The city was built with great walls to prevent a
successful attack
• The secret weapon “Greek Fire” repelled any attack from
the sea
Map of the City of
Constantinople
Map of Byzantine Empire
THE EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
• His rule began in 527 AD
• Presided over the Byzantium “Golden Age”
• His wife, Empress Theodora, was an influential
advisor
• Built the Hagia Sophia Cathedral
JUSTINIAN’S CODE
• The code was a system of laws
• Existing Roman Laws were confusing and
contradicting
• The code was an organized collection and
explanation of Byzantine laws
• Eventually this code became the basis of the
legal system we use today
A RELIGIOUS DISPUTE
• The Catholic Church and the Pope in Rome were
still very strong
• The Byzantine Emperor outlaws icons
• The Pope disagrees with this and banishes the
Emperor from the church
• Byzantines felt the Pope was wrong to do this
• This argument leads to a schism
in 1054 AD
– This results in two Christian Churches
A RELIGIOUS DISPUTE
(Continued)
ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHURCH
EASTERN
ORTHODOX CHURCH
Pope in Rome
Patriarch in
Constantinople
Latin
Greek
LEADER
LANGUAGE
ICONS ?
No (Until ban was
Yes
lifted)
THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
• A long series of wars
against Muslims and
Europeans weakens
the empire
• Poor leadership from
a series of bad
emperors hurts as
well
Map of Byzantine Empire
THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
(Continued)
• 70,000 Turks surround
the city of
Constantinople
– Turks drag their ships
over land and then
launch them into the
harbor
– Turks bring cannons
to blast away the city
walls
• Defending the city
were only 7,000
Byzantines
THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
(Continued 2)
• Finally, in 1453 AD, after the defenders hold out
for 2 months, Constantinople falls
• The Byzantine Empire is no more
THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
(Continued 3)
• The city is renamed Istanbul and to this day
continues to be the capital city of the country of
Turkey