Transcript Ancient Greece - Phoenix Union High School District

Agricultural Revolution
1st Civilizations 5,000 BCE- 1,000
BCE
• Neolithic (Agricultural)
Revolution:
• The changes that
occurred when humans
figured out how to farm
crops
• Domesticating animals:
• Taming animals for food,
milk and work
Why didn’t hunters and
gatherers make very many
inventions and discoveries?
What might happen when
people have an excess of
time?
When you have a reliable food
source
Society Advances
Characteristics of a
Civilization
1. large cities with complex buildings
and structures (engineering)
2.specialization of labor (e.g.,
farmers, craftsmen, blacksmiths priests,
scribes – not just hunters + gatherers)
3. Organized system of government
with laws, religion and taxes
5. science, technology, inventions
architecture, art and writing system
to keep records
GREECE
• All male citizens regardless
of wealth could participate
• Equal protection under the
law
• All could serve on assembly
• Assembly elects the
generals
• Members served as the
juries
• Could vote to Ostracize
Greek Accomplishments
• Mythology
• Literature – Homer (the
blind poet) wrote the
Iliad, Odyssey
• Architecture
• Democracy
• Olympics
• Philosophy
• Science
• Mathematics
• Astronomy
• Drama
• What was the
Geography like in
Ancient Greece?:
• Mountainous which
separated the cities
• Close to water so
Greeks sailed and
set up colonies
•
1. T or F Athens was always a democracy
2. T or F Citizenship was given to everyone
3. T or F 500 people in government were
chosen by random
4. T or F voters could vote to kick someone out
5. T or F the Acropolis was a temple
6. T or F the Parthenon was a temple to
Athena
7. T or F all kids went to school
8. T or F Athens had lots of wheat
9. T or F People of Athens mostly stayed in
their homes
City State or Polis
• A city that was its own
country.
• It had no connection
with other cities
• Example: The Greek
City-state of Athens
could go to war against
the Greek City- state of
Sparta
Each City-state had its own form of Government
• Monarchy: rule by a
king or a queen – royal
bloodline
• Tyrant: rule by a
dictator (no royal
bloodline)
• Oligarchy: rule by a
small group of
individuals
• Democracy: rule by
the people. The will of
the majority rules
What could be good and bad about each government?
Type
Monarchy/Tyrant
(King/Queen)
Oligarchy
(rule by a small group)
Democracy
(Majority rules)
What could be Good
about this kind of
government ?
What could be BAD
about this kind of
government ?
What could be good
about a
What could be bad
about a
Monarchy
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Democracy
The Athenian Acropolis
• Acropolis: the High point
of the city with the
temples and major civic
buildings
The Parthenon
• Statue of Zeus
• At Olympia
Greek literature
• Homer
• Wrote the Iliad and
the Odyssey
The Agora
• Agora:
• was a central spot in
ancient Greek citystates. The literal
meaning of the word is
"gathering place" or
"assembly".
The agora was the
center of athletic,
artistic, spiritual and
political life of the city.
Pericles
•
•
•
•
Governor of Athens
For 30 years
during its ‘Golden Age”
Died during the
Pelopponesian Wars
• “Let me say that our system of government does not
copy the institutions of our neighbors. It is more the
case of our being a model to others than of our
imitating anyone else. Our constitution is called a
democracy because power is in the hands not of a
minority but of the whole people. When it is a
question of settling private disputes, everyone is
equal before the law; when it is a question of putting
one person before another in positions of public
responsibility, what counts is not membership of a
particular class, but the actual ability which the man
possesses. No one, so long as he has it in him to be
of service to the state, is kept in political obscurity (out
of government positions) because of poverty...”
Athenian Democracy
• All male citizens regardless
of wealth could participate
• Equal protection under the
law
• All could serve on assembly
• Assembly elects the
generals
• Members served as the
juries
• Could vote to Ostracize
Phalanx:
• a military technique
using shields and long
spears. Used by many
of the Greek city-states
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
7
Crypteia
60
Phalanx
Wrestling
Heads shaved
Helots
Laconic
“if”
Athens
Sparta
Today
• Equal protection
under the Law: • Ostracism: voting to
temporarily kick
someone out of your
city for a certain time
period
• My definition:
everyone (rich and
poor) is treated the
same according to the
written law code
• Essential Question: Why
are people impressed that
• Drew lots ;chosen by
Greeks were using
lot: choosing people the
democracy 2500 years
by random (pulling
ago?
names out of a hat)-
lottery
• 1. Darius of Persia attacks Greece
and is defeated at Marathon
• 2. Years later his son Xerxes
comes back and defeats the
Greeks at Thermophylae (300
Spartans) and they burn Athens
• 3. The Greeks fight back and win
a huge final battle at Salamis and
Persia leaves
• 4. Athens then becomes the most
powerful city state in Greece
• 5. Sparta hates Athenian
dominance and then goes to war
and defeats Athens
• 6. Civil War weakens Greece and
it is eventually conquered by
Alexander the Great
Greek Ships: Triremes
• Classic: classical:
•
My definition: something so good from the past that
people of today still admire it – i.e. 1957 Chevy , Led
Zeppellin, Tupac Shakur
•
Webster’s Dictionary
–
–
–
• Legacy: Something
Of or relating to the ancient Greeks and handed down from an
Romans, especially their art,
architecture, and literature.
ancestor or a predecessor or
Conforming to the artistic and literary
from the past: a legacy of
models of ancient Greece and Rome.
Of or relating to European music during government by the people
the latter half of the 18th and the early
19th centuries.
•
Philosophy –
•
•
Phileo – love
Sophia- wisdom
•
Love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual
means and moral self-discipline.
2. Investigation of the nature, causes, or
principles of reality, knowledge, or values,
based on logical reasoning rather than
empirical methods.
3. A system of thought based on or involving
such inquiry
•
•
• Essential Question:
Why are the Ancient
Greeks so deserving
of studying?
1. Why is a democracy 3,000 years ago a big deal?
2. What was an Oligarchy?
4. How were voting members of the Council of 500 elected?
5. What else did these citizens have to participate in?
6. What was a vote of “ostracism”?
9. What was the purpose of Athenian education?
10. What were 4 subjects well-born Athenians were taught?
11. Who were the non-citizens in Athens?
12. What were some things that Athenians produced?
13. How did they get grain for bread?
14. What are artisans?
15. What went on in the Agora (city square)?
16. What did Athenians do for entertainment?
Philosophy:
Greek word origin
Phileo: love
Sophia: wisdom
other Greek beliefs:
• A sound mind in a
sound body
• Greeks didn’t just want
“brains” or nerds
• Olympics were created to
develop their bodies
Peloponnesian Wars
• Wars between many of
the Greek city-states
• The two leading cities
were
• SPARTA and ATHENS
• SPARTA won!
• As a result all of Greece
was weakened and
eventually conquered by
• Macedonia
Complete these Sentences
A good thing about a monarchy is…
A bad thing about a monarchy is…
A good thing about an oligarchy is…
A bad thing about an oligarchy is…
A bad thing about a democracy is…
A good thing about a democracy is…
Complete these Sentences
Socrates was….
The Socratic Method is…
Plato…
Aristotle…
Ancient Greece had hundreds of Philosophers
but probably the 3 most known philosophers
were
SocratES
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
• soldier and stonemason (construction)
• Didn’t believe in traditional gods
• Spent days sitting in the agora (town square
in Athens) simply asking thought-provoking
questions like
• “is democracy good” or “is it good to pray”
• This method is called the “Socratic Method”
• SOCRATIC METHOD:
• Asking questions to help people find their
own learning
• Hundreds showed up to listen to the
discussion
• He was put on trial for corrupting the minds
of the youth and disrespecting the gods
• A democratic vote (280-220) found him
guilty and he was sentenced to death
• by drinking poison hemlock (liquid from a
poisonous plant)
• Could’ve escaped but chose to drink the cup
of poison hemlock
•
• Socrates best known student
• Almost all that we know of
Socrates came from the writing of
Plato
• Plato set up a school in Athens
called the Academy – taught
Aristotle
• His famous book The Republic
discussed what he believed to be
the best kind of society
• Question:
• Why do you think Plato thought
that societies would be better ruled
by an oligarchy of philosopher
kings rather than a democracy?
•
Aristotle
• Was Plato’s most famous student
• Was hired by King Philip of
Macedonia to tutor his son
Alexander (the great)
• Set up a school in Athens called the
Lyceum
• Wrote volumes of books on all sorts
of topics including science, politics,
astronomy, physics, etc.
• Did much in science by classifying
plants and animals
• Developed a method of logical
scientific reasoning
• Was studied by the Romans and
Muslim scholars
Philip of Macedonia
Alexander the
Great
Darius III of Persia
Cavalry: soldiers on horseback
Hellenistic period:
• The Greek culture,
arts, science and
language that spread
through the Middle
East after the death
of Alexander
Today’s Essential questions
• 1. What was the Socratic Method?
• 2. a. what kind of government did Plato think
could rule the best?
• b. what specific event probably shaped his
dislike of democracy
3. What was Aristotle mostly known for?
Sentence Starter
Alexander the
Great….