Transcript Lecture On Rome - Jefferson School District

Lecture On Rome
Slides 1.1A-1.1E
Slide 1.1A Rome’s Beginnings:
Romulus and Remus
• Mythical version:
• Trojan prince Aeneas discovers Latin while
looking for promised land.
• Romulus and Remus, sons of Latin princess and
god Mars, abandoned
• Romulus and Remus cared for by she-wolf,
discovered by shepherd and wife.
• Romulus kills Remus; becomes first king of
Rome.
Slide 1.1A continued
• Historical version:
• Latins settled on Palatine, a fertile area with
pleasant climate, around 1200 B.C.
• Etruscans (“people of the sea”) of Etruria
ruled Rome (Latins) for 200 years.
• Romans overthrew Etruscan leaders and set
up a Republic in 509 B.C.
Slide 1.1 B The Expansion of the
Roman Republic: The Battle of
Zama
• Romans conquered and controlled all of
Italy by 275 B.C.
• City-state Carthage ruled much of North
Africa, Spain, and Sicily
• Roman conflict with Carthage started the
Punic Wars.
• Romans fought Carthaginians for control of
Mediterranean Sea.
Slide 1.1B continued
• Hannibal defeated at Zama; Carthage lost
all its territories to Rome
• By 146 B.C. Rome was the leading power
of the Mediterranean.
Slide 1.1C The final Years of the
Roman Republic: Julius Caesar
• Rome’s conquests caused changes in
economy and government
• Large estates replaced small farms; cities
became crowded
• Attempts were made to improve conditions
in Rome
• Gracchi brothers gave land and wheat to
poor.
Slide 1.1C continued
• General Mariusa gave power to the army
• General Sulla gave more power to the
Senate
• Julius Caesar built up army and took power
• Conquered Britain, Libya, Egypt,
Cyrenaica, Numidia, Syria, Asia Minor
• Caesar assassinated by those who opposed
his dictatorship
Slide 1.1D The Roman Empire:
Cleopatra’s Death
• After Caesar’s death, power shared by Marc
Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian
• Civil war broke out between Antony and
Cleopatra and Octavian
• Octavian won naval victory at Actium in 31.
B.C.
Slide 1.1D Continued
• When Antony was defeated and Egypt was
made a roman province, he and Cleopatra
committed suicide to avoid being paraded
through Rome as captives.
• Octavian became absolute ruler of Rome;
He was given the title
“Augustus”(honored).
Slide 1.1D Continued
• As Rome’s “first citizen” Augustus ended
the expansion of the empire at its defensible
boundaries: English channel; Rhine,
Danube, and Euphrates rivers; And Sahara
desert.
• Augustus introduced the “Pax Romana” a
time of peace and unity for the empire
Slide 1.1E The Roman Empire:
Gladiatorial Games
• Augustus’ successors accepted his defensive
foreign policies
• Trajan, Rome’s last great conqueror,
established new provinces in Dacia,
Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia
• Empire reached its greatest height under
Trajan in A.D. 117
Slide 1.1 E Continued
• Five Good Emperors ruled Rome between
A.D. 96 and A.D. 186
• After A.D. 186 civil wars broke out in the
Empire and emperors lost control
• Rome’s size was difficult to manage;
Dicoletian divided it in two
Slide 1.1 E Continued
• Barbarians attacked the empire from many
sides
• Internally, gladiatorial games were one sign
of Rome’s decline.