Transcript Unità didattica: l`arte romana

Teaching unit:
the Roman art
Class: V gymnasium
Age of the students:14-15 years old
Duration: 4 hours
Objective:
• To know the historical coordinates within which to frame
the artistic period.
• To individualize the historical-cultural coordinates within
which the work of art is expressed.
• To gather the specific aspects related to the technique
and to the style of the Roman art.
• To know and to know how to chronologically put the
principal sculptural, architectural and pictorial works of
the republican period and the imperial period.
• To know the specific terminology.
• To know how to contextualise the work in the historical
and partner-cultural circle.
Contained disciplinary:
• Historical signs.
• The Romans and the art: the constructive
techniques used by the Romans.
• Installations and infrastructures.
• The Roman city.
• Typologies of the Roman residence (domus,
insula and villa), public and religious buildings
(temple, theatre, basilica, amphitheatre, forum,
thermal baths, arcs).
• Examination of the more meaningful
architectural testimonies. Pantheon and
Colosseum.
Methods and tools :
• Frontal lessons.
• Graphic-expressive activity done in
relationship to the analysis of the
manufactured articles and finalized to the
individualization of the characters of the
work and their interpretation.
• Interactive lesson.
• Use of videocassettes and CD-ROM.
• Guided visits.
Tests :
• Types of tests: individual and
collective interviews, interrogations,
layout of brief essays, questionnaires,
graphic exercises regarding the work
of art.
Historical signs:
The origin of Rome is connected
to the myth of Romulus and
Remus : the two twins, born
from the relationship between
Mars and Rea Silvia,
according to the tradition they
were nursed by a she-wolf. In
753 B.C. after killing Remus for
personal contrasts, Romulus
founded upon the Palatine hill
the first installation from which
Rome would have been born.
At its origins, Rome was driven by
the famous "seven kings":
• Romolus
• Numa Pompilio
• Tullo Ostilio
• Anco Marzio
• Tarquinio Prisco
• Servio Tullio
• Tarquinio the Superb
Repubblican Rome:
In the 509 B.C., after the last etruscan
king, Tarquinio the Superb was
driven out, the republic came into
being. This period marked the
destruction of Cartagine as well
as the conquest of Greece, of
Sicily and of the major part of
southern Italy.
Imperial Rome:
After Caesar's killing in 44 B.C. his nephew, Ottaviano Augusto,
established a new monarchy. Since then many emperors followed. The
Roman empire of the west fell in 476 B.C. under the emperor Romolo
Augustolo, after having reached its maximum expansion during the
kingdom of Adriano.
Portugal
Romania
Bulgaria
Turkey
Italy
Greek
The Romans and the art: the
constructive techniques used by the
Romans.
For Roman art it's intended the art in the
ancient Rome, from the foundation to the fall
of the empire of the west, both in the city of
Rome and in the rest of Italy and in the
oriental and western provinces.
The Romans, very careful to the practical and
organizational aspects of the common life,
gave their attention to the architecture. The
architects designed great public buildings
(theatres, basilicas, temples) and important
works of engineering (bridges, roads,
aqueducts).
The amphitheatre in Syracuse
The amphitheatre Romano of
Syracuse is one of the
most representative
building realizations of the
first Roman imperial age.
Placed in the monumental
area, it was found after the
excavations of the duke of
Serradifalco in 1839.
The theatre of Afrodisia
The Roman theatre of
Afrodisia was inaugurated
in the 27 B.C., but it
suffered some changes in
the II century, due to the
gladiator games .
Following the collapse of
the superior part, caused
by the earthquake of the
VII century, it was covered
by earth and residences
were built over it. The
theatre had an capacity for
12 thousand people.
The acqueducts
The Domus
The Domus was a typology of
residence used in the
ancient Rome. It was an
urban private domicile and
it distinguished itself from
the suburban villa, which
instead was a private
residence situated outside
of the boundaries of the
city, and from the rustic
villa, situated in the
country and endowed with
special environments for
the agricultural jobs
The Villa of the Hamlet of
Armerina Plaza
The Roman Villa of the
Hamlet was built among
the end of the III century
and the beginning of the
IV century A.D. it was a
hunting residence made
famous by its mosaic
decorations , made by
the African teachers of
Massimiliano Erculeo the
colleague of Diocleziano.
From the Castrum to the city:
the Roman urban system
The cities founded by the Romans
had all similar characteristics.
The urbanistic scheme adopted
by the Romans in the
construction of the city is
characterized by the
orthogonally meeting of the
roads, (from south to north) and
(from west to east), that divide
the city in quadrangular blocks.
The inspiring model was the
Roman "castrum" or the military
camp.
Cardo
Decumano
The Temples
The Panteon
The Pantheon (temple
of all the gods) is a
building in ancient
Rome, built as a
temple devoted to the
divinities of the
olimpia. It was built
around 126 A.D.
under the emperor
Adriano.
The colosseum
The Colosseum, originally
known as Amphitheatre
Flavio. It is situated in the
centre of the city of
Rome. Its construction
was initiated by
Vespasiano in 72A.D. and
it was inaugurated by Tito
in 80A.D., with further
changes brought during
the kingdom of
Domiziano