Transcript The New Testament:

The New Testament:
“And the Word became flesh,
and dwelled among us…”
John 1:14
Ch. 16: The World
of the New Testament
Homework
• (due Tues., 3/24) Read pp. 288289(middle); NB: Intro & # I
• (due Weds., 3/25) Read 289-291; NB:
II-IV
• (due Mon., 3/30) Read pp. 292294(middle); NB: V-VI
• (due Mon.,3/30) Read pp. 294298(middle); NB: VII-IX
Homework
• (due Tues., 3/31) Read pp. 298-300;
NB: X-XI
• (due Thurs., 4/2) Prepare for Review
• (Weds., 4/8) TEST on Ch. 16
The Prophecies Fulfilled
• Maccabean revolt
(167-160 B.C.)
won Jewish
independence
• 4 major results of
revolt?? (#1)
• Hasmonean
dynasty(13463B.C.)
The Prophecies Fulfilled
• John Hyrcanus I
– High Priest-King in Hasmonean
line
– 134-104B.C.
– Conquered all former territory in
Israel (#2)
– Forced all non-Jews to be
circumcised or leave (ouch!)-why?
• Sign of being fully Jewish
• “Cleansed” nation of pagan influence
(#3-4)
The Prophecies Fulfilled
• Aristobulus (104-103B.C.), next High
Priest declared himself king… some thought
him Messiah, but…
• not in line of David
• Israel became divided
over who would be
Messiah… (#5)
Judaism in Jesus’ time:
4 Major Groups
• Pharisees
• Sadducees
• Essenes
• Zealots
Pharisees
•“separate” or “pious” ones
•most influential group
•laymen/ not official clergy
•focus:
–Strict living of Law(Torah)
–No compromise w/ gentiles
(Romans) (#7-9)
•Expected MESSIAH
WHO STRICLY
TAUGHT THE LAW
Sadducees
• Priestly aristocracy (high
priests)
• Concerned w/ Temple
practices/ worship
• Generally
wealthy/establishment
• Politics: supported
Hasmoneans/Romans (#10)
• Expected HIGH
PRIESTLY MESSIAH
Essenes
•Monastic community
•Lived in desert around Dead Sea
•Believed Jerusalem priesthood and
worship were impure
•Focus: pure living of Law
•Apocalyptic group: awaited a New
Age/ Kingdom of God
•Expected
SPIRITUAL/OTHERWORLDLY MESSIAH
Zealots
•“sicarii” (“dagger-carriers”)
•hated foreign Roman rule
•basically, terrorists: use of violence, etc.
•Kingdom of God by force
•Led revolts against Rome (66-70; 132135 AD)
•Expected MILITARY “BINLADIN”-LIKE MESSIAH
…and you???
• Reflect & write on:
–What is your “image” of God? Who is
God for you/in your life?
–What role do you honestly expect
God to play in your daily life/in the
world?
–Is that expectation fair? Why/why not?
After the Maccabees
• (#11)
• Israel divided into
factions
• Eventually
conquered by
Romans in 63 B.C.
• Herod the Great
installed as “puppet”
king in 40 B.C.
Herod the Great
• Ruled from c. 40-4
B.C.
• Beseiged Jerusalem
w/ 60,000 Roman
troops
• Called “the Great”
> economic
prosperity under his
reign (#12-14)
“Fullness of Time”
• Pax Romana:
– Roman
“peace”/order
from Augustus>
5th c.
– Benefits? (#15)
– Why the
“fullness of time”
for Christ’s
coming?
Religion in Roman Empire
• (# 16)
• Romans tolerated any
religion, if
– Obedience
– Taxes!!
• Some idea of God thru
philosophy (#17-18)
Spread of Jewish Religion
• 3 Key factors:
1. Jews lived throughout empire
2. The Septuagint (LXX)
3. The rise of synagogues
Spread of Jewish Religion
• Jews were spread
throughout Roman
empire (#19-20)
– Popularity of
Judaism
– Prepared “the
Nations” for
coming of the
Christ
Spread of Jewish Religion
• The Septuagint or
LXX made God’s
revelation known
throughout Greek
& Roman empires
(#21)
Spread of Jewish Religion
• Synagogue had
replaced Temple
as center of Jewish
life
– Why? (#22)
– How connected to
our Christian
worship? (#23)
Proselytes of the Gate
• Judaism very popular
in Roman empire- why?
• Who were they? (#24)
• They were more ready
to “receive the
Christian messagewhy? (#25)
Judea and Galilee
• After Babylonian exile,
people re-settled
– Mostly in south, around
Jerusalem (former
Judah > Judea
– Some in north, into
Galilee (w/in former
“Israel”) (#27)
• Trouble w/ Palestine
for Rome? (#26)
The Samaritans
• (#28)
• Ethnically mixed
(w/ pagan peoples)
• Worshipped the
One God but
differently
• Other Samaritan…
stuff (#29-32)