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River Valley Civilizations
Rome
Museum Entrance
Egypt
Greece
Indus River Valley
Mesopotamia
Curators
Office
Marisha, Raven, Devyn
Marisha I’m a Black American And I Like
getting the job done.
Raven Lewis, I am African American, and I
like to be successful at everything.
Devyn ,I like to sing and have fun.
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Entry
Mesopotamia
Room 1
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Indus river Valley
Room 2
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Egypt
Room 3
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Rome
Room 4
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[Room 5] Room
Room 5
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[Room 6] Room
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Cities
Cities: beginning around 4000 B.C.
as populations increased on
southern Mesopotamia, the
Sumerians built the worlds first
cities.
“Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008.
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Specialization
Specialization:
• Mesopotamia did engraving.
•They also had a potters wheel from Uruk. Abundant
food supplies and cities as population centers allowed
some people to perform tasks not associated with
agriculture.
•People expanded into the areas of pottery, textile
manufacture, woodworking, leather production, brick
making stone cutting and masonry.
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“Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008.
Record keeping
Record Keeping: they used
pictographic record keeping.
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Norman, Jeremy. “Cave painting to the internet". Cave Painting.200-42011.
web.5 October.2011.
“Mohenjo-Daro and the sunken city off India's coast.” disclose.tv.n.d.web.5 Oct 2011.
Technology
•Technology: first use of
wheels occurred around
3500 B.C.
•Sumerians were building
carts around 3000 B.C.
•The wheel increased the
mobility of society and
allowed heavy loads to be
moved over great
distances.
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“Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008.
Complex institutions
•“Polytheism”
The ancient
Mesopotamians
worshipped hundreds of
gods, each with his/her
own name and sphere
of activity.
Every city had its own
patron god or goddess,
and there were also
deities connected with
various professions
such as scribes and
builders.
Individual people also
had their own personal
god who protected them
and interceded for them
with the great deities.
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“New World Encyclopedia”. Creative commons .License.
September 2008.5 Oct 2011
Map of Mesopotamia
Tigris and Euphrates rivers are in
Southwest Asia
- they start in mountains of
today’s Turkey, Kurdistan
- flows southeast through today’s
Iraq to Persian Gulf rivers provided
water and a means for travel
-The areas had few roads so boats
carried heavy loads on river
currents.
‘‘Geography of Mesopotamia.’’.eduplace.n.d.web.5
0ct 2011.
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ExhibitRoom
1
Cities
Cities: Mohenjo – Daro
Cities :Harappa
Civilization first developed in the Indus
river valley in present day Pakistan.
Harappa a neighboring city 350 miles
away from Mohenjo – Daro.
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‘’The unlocking the secretes of Monhenjo Daro.’’
Mitchelteachers.2007.web.2oct 2011
Specialization
•BRAHMINS: Priest, scholars, and teachers.
Jawaharlal Nehru: first prime minister of the India's.
•KSAHATRIYAS: warriors and rulers.
• VAISHYAS: traders
•SUDRAS: manual workers and servants.
•DALITS: formally known's as the untouchables: Dalits
perform unpleasant jobs like cleaning or leather tanning's with
changes in India some Dalits are now becoming entrepreneurs
or getting jobs in high tech.
“Specialization of Labor Indus River Valley.”wikispaces.2011.web.28 Sept 2011.
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Technology
The Indus Valley people are
well-known for their beadmaking skills. Different
materials were used to make
beads, such as carnelian, bone
and ivory. Beads of many
different shapes and sizes have
been found at all the major
Indus Valley sites.
“Technology of Indus civilization.”
slideshare. 2011.web.5 0ct 2011.
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Complex institutions
he Indus Valley Culture appears to
have had a primitive religious system.
In addition to a mother goddess
representing fertility, it is suggested
that they also worshiped animals to
some degree. One such figure is a seal
sitting in a yoga-like position and is
thought to be an early representation
of a Hindu god. It is difficult to find
any names for the gods of the ancient
Indus Valley. It seems that when their
civilization died, so did their gods.
What a contrast this is to Christianity.
“Indus Valley Planned Cities.’’ Allabouthistory.
2002-2011.web.4 0ct 2011.
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Record keeping
Developed a written language
of pictograms. They used
Indus scripts.
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“Start of Civilization.icsd.k12.ny.us.n.d.web.5 0ct 2011.
Map of Indus river Valley
Geographically, the civilization
was spread over an area of
some 1,260,000 km², making it
the largest ancient civilization
in the world. The geography of
the Indus Valley put the
civilizations that arose there in a
highly similar situation with
rich agricultural lands being
surrounded by highlands,
desert, and ocean.
“Historical chronology.” fortunecity.
n.d.web.5 Oct 2011.
“The River Valley Civilization.” slideshare. 2011.web.5 0ct 2011.
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Record keeping
Accurate record keeping was
needed for tax purposes.
Scribes were therefore of
central importance to the
government of the Pharaohs.
Scribes could rise to positions
of great authority because they
could read and write.
“Ancient Egyptian Stone
.”n.d. theglobaleducationproject.web
.6 Oct 2011.
Linked citation goes here
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Complex Institutions
The ancient Egyptians possessed a
complex and intricate religion.
-The ancient Egyptians were polytheists so
they had hundreds of gods. , including
their pharaohs, all of whom were believed
to be gods in the form of men. The main
gods that they worshipped were Amon-Re,
Osiris, Set, and Isis.
-Mummification was very important due
to their belief in the afterlife
-The downfall of the Egyptian religion
occurred once the Romans took over and
Christianity began to spread. The
Egyptians were also animists. They
believed the gods personified. Forces in
nature, such as wind, water, rain, and fire.
Most of their gods were represented as
half animal, half person.
“Ancient Egyptian Stone
.”n.d. theglobaleducationproject.web
.6 Oct 2011.
Linked citation goes here
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Technology
The purpose in presenting these
materials on ancient Egyptian stone
technology is to, without prejudice to
any particular possibility, encourage
the scientific process in uncovering
the truth about the skills of the ancient
builders . The builders in ancient
Egypt shaped many kinds of stone
with consummate mastery. They were
adept with the use of a variety of tools
for manufacturing house wares,
building stone and statuary; tube drills,
straight saws, circular saws, lathes,
and polishers. The marks left in the
stone by these tools are the only
available reliable source of
information about these tools and how
they were used.
“Ancient Egyptian Stone Technology.”
theglobaleducationproject.n.d.web.
2 Oct 2011.
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Map of Egypt
The ancient Egyptians
thought of Egypt as being
divided into two types of
land, the 'black land' and
the 'red land'.
he 'black land' was the
fertile land on the banks of
the Nile. The ancient
Egyptians used this land for
growing their crops. This
was the only land in ancient
Egypt that could be farmed
because a layer of rich,
black silt was deposited
there every year after the
Nile flooded.
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“Geography.” Ancient Egypt. n.d.web.
2 0ct 2011.
“Map of Egypt.”conservativeamerican.n.d. web.2 0ct 2011.
Cities
Ancient Rome was the largest
city in the then known world. It
is thought that Rome’s
population was over 1 million
people when the city was at
the height of its power. From
Rome, the heart of
government beat; military
decisions were taken and the
vast wealth Rome earned was
invested in a series of
magnificent buildings.
To start with, many buildings
in Rome were built around the
forum. Traditionally, this had
been a market place and an
area where people met.
Therefore, it would have been
a natural place to put
government buildings,
temples and palaces. As
Rome grew, however, the
forum became more and more
crowded. Therefore, a second
city centre was planned and
built some distance from the
forum but still in Rome itself.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.u
k/ancient_rome.htm
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Complex institutions
very important role in the daily
life of Ancient Rome and the
Romans. Roman religion was
centered around gods and
explanations for events usually
involved the gods in some way
or another. The Romans
believed that gods controlled
their lives and, as a result, spent
a great deal of their time
worshipping them.
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Record keeping
The most important god
was The history of Roman
numerals follows the
history of ancient Rome
itself, from its beginnings
at the Latin Palatine Hill in
8th and 9th century B.C. to
it's fall in the 2nd Century
AD from civil war, plague,
civil apathy and the rise of
Christianity and northern
European powers.
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Entrance
•Ancient Roman Priests - The Pontiffs and the
Pontifex Maximus
•Ancient Roman Priests - The Augurs
•Ancient Roman Priests - The Quindecemviri Keepers of the Sibylline Books
•Ancient Roman Priests - The Septemviri Epulones
•Ancient Roman Priests - Flamen or Flamines
•Ancient Roman Priestesses - The Vestal Virgins
•Roman Priests - The Salii, Luperci, Feciales,and
Curiones
Roman priests were called pontiffs and flamens. The
pontiffs enjoyed great privileges and were generally
men of rank.
These Roman priests were also extremely powerful.
There were four great religious corporations of
Roman priests who were members
of a Collegium. A collegium was a board of
magistrates or priests. The four great priestly
colleges were the pontifices, septemviri epulones,
quindecemviri sacris faciundis, and augurs. They
were in order of importance:
•Pontifices (also known as College of Pontiffs),
headed by the Pontifex maximus
•Augures
•Facts and information about Roman Priests and
Religion
•Quindecemviri sacris faciundis
•Septemviri Epulones
A flamen (pl. flamines) was the name given to a
Roman priest assigned to a state-supported god or
goddess who was a member of the College of
specialization
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Back Wall Artifact
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