Transcript Roman Art & Architecture

Roman Art & Architecture
TEMPLES
GREEK TEMPLES
CHARACTERISTICS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monumental
Proportionate
East-West alignment
Peripteral
Raised on 3 steps
Architectural order
Architectural style
1. Monumental.
Greek temples are huge and magnificent
2. Proportionality
Pythagorean Golden Ratio
Euclid translated to geometry
Phidias translated it to architecture
GREEK TEMPLES
The Parthenon, Athens
Reconstruction of the Parthenon
3. East- West alignment
Dawn in the Parthenon, Athens.
East-West axis (facing east)
4. peripteral
Think of perimeter. Peri means “around”. You can walk right around
a peripteral temple in a colonnade (sheltered walkway) called a
peristyle.
5. Raised on 3 steps
stylobate is the floor
of the temple
Other 2 steps are the
stereobate
6. Architectural order
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
architrave
Plain capital
volutes
(ram-horns)
acanthus
leaves
fluted or
unfluted shaft
drums
no base
base
stylobate
base
7. Architectural Style
Count the columns of the
facade in Greek
Tetrastyle (4)
Octostyle (8)
Hexastyle (6)
Decastyle (10)
ETRUSCAN or TUSCAN
TEMPLES
Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
Frontal
Raised on a podium
Accessed by flight of steps
Different plan
Rome was founded in 753BC
But Italy was already inhabited
by a variety of cultures:
Native Italic peoples like the
Samians, Oscans and Umbrians
Celts (Gauls) in the northern
Alpine region
Greeks in the South and Sicily
and
the most dominant in the
vicinity of Rome were the
ETRUSCANS who were a Punic
people (Phoenicians originally)
Terracotta model of an Etruscan temple at Veii, near Rome.
1. Frontal
2. Raised on a podium
3. Accessed by steps
4. Different plan
Tuscan Temple
v
Greek Temple
3 Vitruvian Principles of Architecture
Vitruvius was a Roman architect of the Augustan period
who wrote a famous book called De Architectura (On
Architecture).
According to the Vitruvian scheme of architecture a
building must conform to 3 principles.
3 Vitruvian principles of architecture:
•
firmitas - it must be made of durable material
•
utilitas - it must be functional
•
venustas - it must be beautiful
Maison Carree, Nimes, France
The Vitruvian temple is a hybrid of the
Tuscan and Greek temples
Roman Rectangular Temple
FRONTAL
PERIPTERAL
Tuscan Temple
Greek Temple