Transcript Ch. 5-1
Ch. 5-1 The Roman World Takes Shape Roman Civilization Arises in Italy »Rome is near the center of Italy »Location was good for expansion »Rome was protected Unifying the Lands of Italy »Italy was easier to unify then was Greece »Mountains are not as big »There are not as many valleys »Fertile land to the north and west, promoted population growth Early Peoples Settle Italy » 800 B.C. Latins migrated to Italy » Settled near Tiber River » Lived as herders and farmers » Legend says it was found by Romulus and Remus » Others around: » Greek Colonist » Etruscans » Carthaginians The Romans Establish a Republic »Romans drove out Etruscan rulers 509 B.C. »Founding of the Roman state which lasted 500 years »People chose some officials »Romans believed that a republic would keep one person from getting too much power Structuring the Republic » Senate made the laws » 300 patricians, or land-holding upper class » Senators nominated two consuls » Supervise business and command army » Limited time and two of them = checks and balance » During War » Elect a dictator » Ruled for 6 months » Like Cincinnatus did = like George Washington Plebeians Fight for Their Rights »Plebeians = farmers, merchants, and artisans had rights but little influence »Eventually gained the right to elect tribunes »Tribunes were to protect plebeians interest »Could veto bad laws »450 B.C. go the right to appeal a patrician judges decision Romans Leave a Lasting Legacy »Common people gained access to power without actually going to war »2,000 years later, many parts were adopted to the U.S. Constitution »Senate, the veto, and checks on political power Characterizing Roman Society »Family was important »Male was the head of the household »Women again followed the men The Role of Women Changes Over Time »Roman women played a larger role then did Greek Women »Could own property, could run businesses, but most women worked at home »Patrician women »Went out for diner, went to public baths, and attended the theatre Romans Educate Most Children »Girls and Boys for the upper and lower classes learned to read and write »Some hired private tutors, often Greeks Roman Mythology and Religion »Believed in many gods and goddesses »Greeks = Zeus - Romans = Jupiter »Greek = Hera - Romans = Juno »Greek = Poseidon - Romans = Neptune Citizen-Soldiers Make Up the Roman Army »Basic unit was a legion = 5,000 men »First, fought for no pay »Eventually got a stipend »Show courage = gifts »Run away = death Roman Is Just With Conquered Lands »Conquered had to pay taxes, supply soldiers, and acknowledge Roman leadership »Some given full citizenship »Others partial »Allowed to keep customs, money and local government Maintaining the State »Built roads »Posted soldiers throughout the land »Many brought Latin into their languages »Adopted many Roman customs and beliefs »Italy began to unite under Roman rule