Transcript 2013RBAdapted 6196KB Sep 04 2013 12:03:13 PM

Roman Britain
With gratitude to Sr.
Therese Dougherty of
the University of Notre
Dame, MD, for the
original
PowerPoint.
http://www.coreknowledge.org.uk/year2historyromanroadslarge.php
Native Tribes
Catuvellauni
Iceni
Trinovantes
Atrebates
Belgae
Brigantes
http://www.drshirley.org/latin/britain.html
Iron Age British Settlement
Romanisation
55 BCE Julius Caesar's first invasion of Britain.
54 BCE Julius Caesar's second invasion of Britain.
54 BCE-43 CE - Roman influence increases in Britain
through trade and other interaction.
5 CE Rome acknowledges
Cymbeline, King of the
Catuvellauni, as king of Britain.
Maiden Castle
Maiden Castle: an Iron Age hill fort, 2.5
kilometres (1.6 mi) south west of
Dorchester, in the English county of
Dorset. Hill forts were fortified hill-top
settlements constructed across Britain
during the Iron Age.
In AD 43, the Roman conquest of Britain began.
Vespasian's subsequent campaign to conquer
the tribes of the Atrebates, Dumnonii, and
Durotriges in the southwest of Britain took place
in AD 43–47. Based on the discovery of a group
of bodies in the Late Iron Age formal cemetery
that had met a violent death, archaeologist
Mortimer Wheeler created a vivid story of the fall
of Maiden Castle to Roman forces. He believed a
legion wreaked destruction on the site,
butchering men, women, and children, before
setting fire to the site and slighting its defences.
However, there is little archaeological evidence to
support this version of events, or even that the
hill fort was attacked by the Romans..
Although there is a layer of charcoal, it is
associated with the iron works, and the main
evidence for slighting of defences comes from the
collapse of an entranceway to the fort. Although
14 bodies in the cemetery exhibited signs of a
violent death, there is no evidence that they died at
Maiden Castle.
.
Iron Age of Britain: Late 7th c or 800 BC- 43 A.D
Caligula “Invades” Britain: 40 A.D.
Claudius
•
•
•
•
Nephew of Caligula
Intelligent
Historian
Physical disabilities
• Why decide to invade
Britain?
43 CE
Claudius’ invasion of Britain
• Verica,king of the Atrebates, was his excuse.
– had been driven out by Cunobelin's successor, Caratacus.
• Four legions under Aulus Plautius, land at Richborough .
• Togodumnus and Caratacus oppose them.
• Romans pushed Caratacus back to Camulodunum
(Colchester).
• There, Plautius waited for Claudius
to arrive from Rome.
• Claudius came with sixteen elephants.
• Caratacus escaped, was betrayed by
Queen
Cartumandua of the Brigantes,
and was defeated.
•
London (Londinium)
•
Colchester (Camulodunum)
– capital of the Trinovantes
•
St Albans (Verulamium)
– capital of the Catuvellauni
•
Chichester (Noviomagus)
winter fort in the territory of the Atrebates
•
Bath (Aquae Sulis )
•
Cirencester (Corinium)
Small village outside an early first century Roman fort
Hadrian visited here in second century
Second in size to London in the third century.
Camulodunum (Colchester)
becomes the first Roman city.
"... [at Camulodunum] the temple raised to the deified Claudius
continually met the view, like the citadel of an eternal tyranny;
while the priests, chosen for its service, were bound under the
pretext of religion to pour out their fortunes like water. ...“
(Tacitus Annals XIV.xxxi)
The Roman Senate and People to
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus
Germanicus,
son of Drusus, Pontifex Maximus,
Tribunician power eleven times, Consul
five times, Imperator 22 times, Censor,
Father of the Fatherland,
because he received the surrender of
eleven kings of the Britons defeated
without any loss, and first brought
barbarian peoples across the Ocean into
the dominion of the Roman people.
Boudicca’s Rebellion 60 A.D.
•
She massacred 70,000
people in London,
Verulamium and
Colchester.
Coloniae, Municipia, Civitates
• Colonia
–
–
–
–
–
Colchester (Camulodunum)
Lincoln (Lindum)
Gloucester (Glevum)
York (Eboracum)
London? (Londinium)
• Municipium
– St Albans (Verulamium)
• Civitas
Archaeologists uncover the outlines of Roman
shops at Caerwent
Daily Mail July 2, 2008
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1031082/Archaeologists-discoverBritains-shopping-centre-Roman-dig.html
– Chichester (Noviomagus
Reginorum)
– Cirencester (Corinium)
– Winchester (Venta Belgarum)
Plan of Corinium Dobunnorum
ARTIST’S CONCEPTION OF THEATRE AT VERULAMIUM
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2253091/2-000-year-old-Romantheatre-discovered-garden-archaeological-school.html
Roman Theatre discovered
in Kent
Unique 2,000-year-old
Roman theatre discovered
in back garden of
archaeological school.
Samian Ware at Verulamium
Colchester Vase
Verulamium Town House
Verulamium Museum
Oceanus Mosaic
Verulamium Museum,
Lion and Stag Mosaic
Fishbourne Roman Palace, Sussex
Dolphin Mosaic, Fishbourne
Roman Palace
The Great Torc 75 BC.
The Torc in Iron Age Britain
• A torc is a type of ornament worn around the
neck. Torcs, neck rings and metal collars were a
common type of jewellery across Britain, Ireland
and Continental Europe during the Iron Age. Torcs
could be made of gold, silver, bronze or even iron.
Those made of gold or silver indicated the
relative importance of the wearer, the Iron Age
equivalent of a modern king or queen's crown.
The Roman writer Dio Cassius describes the
British queen Boudica as wearing a gold necklace,
perhaps a torc?