Transcript The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic
509 BCE – 30 BCE
Chapter Objectives
 After this chapter, you should be able to do
the following:
1. Describe how the Roman government was
organized.
2. Explain how the Roman Republic was able to
expand.
3. Summarize how the effects of conquest changed
the Roman economy and government.
4. Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.
Government
Consuls
Senate
Judges
Assemblies
Tribunes
What were The Twelve Tables?
Other Important Vocabulary Words
• Plebeians
• Patricians
• Veto
• Honors and Humanities
Read Chapter 4
of Honors text
Roman Expansion
 The need to protect what they
had (Etruscans). Read story of Horatius
(pgs 29-21 Honors text)
 Conquered or made allies
 Very Strong Army – Legions
(5000 Legionaries)
 Dress the Roman Centurian
 Mild Rulers of those they
conquered
The Punic Wars
Carthage
The First Punic War
 264 BCE
 First of Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
 Carthage – Navy
 Rome – Army (they later built a navy to compete)
 Corvus
 Rome won – Carthaginians left Sicily
 Honors and Humanities
The Second Punic War
 218 BCE
 Hannibal Barca
 War Elephants
 Battles BC Part 1
Show beginning the end, of Part 1
 Battles BC Part 1
Show beginning the end, of Part 1
 Not enough heavy
equipment
 Raided and burned
 Battles BC Part 4
Show from minute 7 on Part 4
 Battles BC Part 5
Show beginning of Part 5
Rome wins – 201 BCE
 Attacked Carthage
Read Chapter 1 of Blue Book
Hannibal
7 Minute Reenactment
The Third Punic War
 149 BCE
 Carthage regaining power
 Romans attacked
 Carthaginians were finished
 Rome attacked Corinth, Greece, for good measure.
264 BCE
50 BCE
120 AD
The Effects of Conquest
 Due to Hannibal
 Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias)
 Who worked the latifundias?
 Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditions
 Decline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE)
1. Taxes - Publicans
2. Farmers lost land/independence
3. Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew poor
4. Government officials busy getting rich
5. Rich-----------------------------------------------------Poor
Roman Leadership
 Next 100 years spent trying to
improve Rome. (Read Text)
REFORMERS
 Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133
BCE)– limit land ownership – gave
public lands to the poor – ran for a
second term – killed with his
followers by Senate
 Tribune Gaius Sempronius
Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor
from the city to the countryside –
discount wheat to the poor – killed
in 121 BCE by the Senate.
 Read Chapter 2 of the Blue Book
Tiberius Gracchus
 Part 1
 Part 2
 Part 3
 Part 4
 Part 5
 Part 6
 Part 7
 Part 8
Roman Leadership
GENERALS
 General Gaius Marius becomes
Consul (107 BCE) – first lower class
Roman to be elected this high –
opened the Army to everyone –
provided jobs – loyalty was to the
general that hired them, not Rome.
 Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed
Marius – Marched on Rome (civil
war) – named self Dictator –
increased size of the Senate – made
general move from one command to
another yearly.
 Video Summary Watch only the first half, up to
Julius Caesar
Sulla
Slavery and Spartacus
 Roman Slaves
- Academic
 Slavery and Spartacus - Academic
 Roman Slavery, Gladiators, and the
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Spartacus Revolt - Honors and Humanities
Gladiator
Spartacus in the Arena
Crassus
Spartacus Vs the Romans
Final Scene
I am Spartacus
I am Spartacus (Pepsi)
Spartacus – Behind the Myth 1
Spartacus – Behind the Myth 2
Julius Caesar
 6o BCE Sulla Retired
 Rise of Caesar (watch from 5:35 on)
 Caesar Vs Vincengentorix
 Triumverate
1. Marcus Licinius Crassus
2. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
3. Julius Caesar
 Crassus dies – the other two
fight for power
 Pompey murdered
Julius Caesar
 58 BCE – Governor of Roman Gaul
 57-50 BCE Conquered a lot of land (and people)
 50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army
 50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops
 46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of Rome  MADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED DO A
GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED
HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM.
 Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides
of March
The End of the Republic
 New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER
Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest
follower
Octavian – Caesar’s grand
nephew/adopted son
Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s
top officer