Transcript Rome - Faculty

The Roman Empire
218 BCE
The Roman Empire
350 CE
trabeated construction
•limited span due
to stones poor
tensile strength
•requires a
considerable
amount of vertical
structure
The Aqueducts at Nimes, France
1:3000
arch is the basic module for Roman
arcuated construction
arch works by exploiting the
stone’s compressive strength
…an arch thrown down
a straight axis
groin vault: a perpendicular
intersection of 2 barrel vaults
a dome is an
arch spun on
a central
vertical axis
Pantheon
Rome,
Hadrian,
100-125 CE
Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE—“Marcus Agrippa,
son of Lucius, Consul for the third time, built this”
third iteration—originally built as a temple to all the Gods
Pantheon, Rome,
Hadrian, 100-125 CE
Pantheon, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle
are the same, 43.3 meters (142 ft)
do you remember what these are called?
coffered ceiling
coffers were poured in molds,
probably on the temporary
scaffolding
oculus admits only light
marble comes from Egypt, Numidia, Asia minor, & Gaul—
shows span of Roman Empire
350 CE
Appian Way
•cobbled roadway
•constructed more than 2200 years ago
•primary route from Rome to Greece—transport of goods
Pantheon, Rome,
Hadrian, 100-125 CE
Pantheon, aedicule, Rome, Hadrian, 100-125 CE
Pilaster
Column
IBM Tower
Philip Johnson
1987
Pilaster
Column
Baths of
Caracalla
Rome,
Hadrian, 100125 CE
could hold
an
estimated
1,600
bathers
A-Calidarium
B-Nymphaeum
C-Great Hall
D-Frigidarium (Swimming Pool)
E-Courts
G-Palaestra
H-Lecture Halls
I-Vestibules
L-Dressing Rooms
N-Steam Baths
Q-Lounges
S-Gymnasia
T-Study Rooms
V-Nymphaea
Sequence of
Spaces
Calidarium
(Hot)
Tepidarium
(Warm)
Gymnasium
Frigidarium
(Cold)
Massage
Natatio (Pool)
Dressing
Rooms
section cut of Baths of Caracalla
•more a leisure centre than just a series of baths
•second to have a public library within the complex
Interior of
Baths of
Caracalla
Basilica Ulpia
Rome, Trajan,
100-125 CE
reconstruction drawing of the Forum of Trajan shows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
the triumphal arch at the entrance
statue of the emperor on horseback
hemicycles
Basilica Ulpia (a law court)
(5) two libraries
(6) Trajan's Column
(7) his temple
Basilica Ulpia
large roofed hall
erected for transacting
business and disposing
of legal matters—
largest and most lavish
in Rome and would
have been regarded
as a model of its type
"The Basilica Ulpia may not have been a building of any profound
architectural originality. But there are few monuments of antiquity that
enjoyed a greater and more enduring prestige, or that did more to
shape the subsequent course of architectural history."
Ward-Perkins, Roman Imperial Architecture
•usually contained interior colonnades that divided space
•giving aisles or arcaded spaces at one or both sides
•with an apse at one end (or less often at each end) where
the magistrates sat, often on a slightly raised dais
Interior
central aisle tended to be wide and was higher than the flanking
aisles, so light could penetrate through the clerestory windows
Domus Aurea
Nero’s Golden
House,
Tivoli, 64-80 CE
The main dining room was a
rotunda, which revolved
slowly, day and night, like
the vault of heaven itself.
There were baths with a
lavish supply of both seawater and sulphur water.
Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, 64-80 CE
When the palace was completed on this sumptuous scale,
Nero’s approval as he dedicated it was confined to the
remark ‘At last I can begin to live like a human being’
(Suetonius, Nero 31)
Jack Arch
Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, Severus and
Celer, 64-80 CE
Nero’s Golden House, Domus Aurea, Tivoli, Severus
and Celer, 64-80 CE
Hadrian’s Villa
Tivoli, 118-133 CE
•complex of over 30 buildings
•included palaces, several
thermae, theatre, temples,
libraries, state rooms and
quarters for courtiers,
praetorians and slaves
Maritime Villa
Canopus &
Serapeum
Site Plan of Hadrian’s Villa
retreat from Rome for Roman Emperor Hadrian in the early 2nd century
canopus (pool)
Serapeum
(grotto)
Hadrian’s Villa, Canopus, Tivoli, 118-133 CE
evidence of the
expanse of the
Roman Empire
Egyptian Alligator
Greek Caryatid
covered corridor
or passageway–
extensive
network of
underground
tunnels
cryptoporticus
Mosaic: Landscape with lion,
boars, deer c. 124
Mosaic: Nile scene c. 124
Island
Villa
Hadrian’s Villa, Island Villa, Tivoli, 118-133 CE
probably used by emperor as a retreat from the busy life at the court
Hadrian’s Villa, Island Villa, Tivoli, 118-133 CE
curved
barrel vault
79 CE
Vesuvius
erupts!
evidence of
previous
destruction
Pompeian
Forum and
surrounding
area
Pompeii discovered in 1738
Pompeian Store Fronts often mask the residential
environment
symbols = type of store
goat = dairy
grapes = wine
House (Domus)
Pompeii, before 79 AD
House (Domus) Plan, Pompeii, before 79 AD
vestibulum or
fauces
(throat)
polylithic
construction
entry
mosaic in
the House of
the Vetii
atrium
•large airy room
•lighted by an
opening in the roof
•the formal room
where guests were
received and clients
assembled to wait for
their customary
morning visits to their
patron
•also a room for family
occasions
colored panels,
graceful patterns,
mythological motifs
cupids playing hide and seek
tablinum
•open on two sides
• family records were
stored
• elite families would
display the imagines—
busts of famous
ancestors
• master of the house,
the paterfamilias,
would greet his many
clients on their
morning visits
lattice style wooden door
folding doors
chest of
family
finances
tabernae or shops
Cubiculum
•on the upper
story
•in the interior of
the house
•often
functioned as
bedrooms
Lekthos w/ fulcra,
Cubiculum,100-300 CE
•small rooms off
the atrium used
for private
meetings,
libraries, etc.
Etruscan Sarcophagus, 650-80 BCE
culina
braziers
House (Domus) Plan w/ Peristyle Garden,
Pompeii, before 79 CE
House of the Vetii
view into the Peristyle Garden
House (Domus) - Peristyle Garden, Pompeii, before 79 AD
Lararium
altar for the Household
gods (lares)
aedicule
House of the Faun
frescoes, Pompeii, before 79 CE
illusions of
depth
painting of a
fresco from
Pompeii
fanciful
architecture &
attenuated
columns
painting of a
fresco from
Pompeii
illusions of
nature
fish pond
triadic color scheme: red, yellow, blue
frieze
body
dado
Roman Domestic Furniture
100-300 AD
cathedra,
100-300 CE
monopdia
Stone Tables, 100-300 CE
trestle leg
lamps, 100-300 CE
curule, 100-300 CE
floor patterns: denote wealth
border
tesserae: individual mosaic tiles
geometry
illusion patterns, House of the Faun