Transcript Ch 6 Romans

Ancient Rome and Early
Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500
CHAPTER
6
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
GRAPH
SECTION
1 The Romans Create a Republic
SECTION
2 The Roman Empire Brings Change
SECTION
3 The Rise of Christianity
SECTION
4 The Decline of the Roman Empire
SECTION
5 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Visual Summary
QUIT
CHAPTER
6
Ancient Rome and Early
Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500
Chapter Overview
Rome becomes the center of an empire,
which aids in the spread of Christianity.
Eventually the Western Empire falls, while
the Eastern Empire remains. The GrecoRoman culture helps shape Western thought
and culture for centuries.
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CHAPTER
6
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Ancient Rome and Early
Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500
Time Line
509 B.C. Rome becomes a
republic.
218 B.C. In the Second
Punic War, Hannibal
invades Italy.
284 Diocletian, who will
divide the Roman Empire,
becomes emperor.
A.D.
500 B.C.
A.D.
264 B.C.
The First Punic War with
Carthage begins.
44 B.C. Conspirators
kill Julius Caesar.
500
476 Western Roman
Empire falls with the ouster
of the last emperor, Romulus
Augustulus.
A.D.
1
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The Romans Create
a Republic
Key Idea
The early Romans establish a republic on the
Italian peninsula, conquer all of Italy, and
defeat Carthage in a series of wars. The
Romans create an extensive trade network.
Overview
Assessment
1
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The Romans Create
a Republic
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• republic
• patrician
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• plebeian
The early Romans
established a republic,
which grew powerful
and spread its
influence.
Some of the most
fundamental values and
institutions of Western
civilization began in the
Roman Republic.
• tribune
• consul
• senate
• dictator
• legion
• Hannibal
• Scipio
Assessment
1
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The Romans Create
a Republic
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List the main events that mark the growth of Rome into
a powerful republic.
509 B.C.
451 B.C. Twelve Tables created.
Romans overthrow Etruscan king.
Republic established.
265 B.C. Italy conquered.
264-146 B.C. Punic Wars fought.
70 B.C.
Rome controlled
the Mediterranean.
continued . . .
1
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The Romans Create
a Republic
Section
1
Assessment
2. Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success
more to its form of government or to its army? Why?
THINK ABOUT
• the structure of the republic
• how citizenship spread
• Rome’s policies toward conquered peoples
ANSWER
Possible
Response:
The army’s conquests expanded the territory of
Rome, which increased Rome’s power and wealth.
However, the republic that Rome established gave it
a stability that allowed it to grow by absorbing
conquered peoples or making them allies.
continued . . .
1
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The Romans Create
a Republic
Section
1
Assessment
3. How did the office of dictator contribute to the balance
and stability of the Roman Republic? THINK ABOUT
• the role of the dictator
• the power of consuls
• the need for speedy decisions in a crisis
ANSWER
Possible
Response:
A dictator could make the speedy decisions needed
in a crisis, whereas the consuls could veto each
other’s decisions, and the senate and assembly
might take too long to make critical decisions.
End of Section 1
2
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The Roman Empire
Brings Change
MAP
Key Idea
Problems in the republic lead to civil war. The republic
collapses, and Julius Caesar becomes dictator. After
Caesar’s assassination, Octavian emerges as Rome’s
first emperor.
Overview
Assessment
2
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The Roman Empire
Brings Change
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• civil war
• Julius Caesar
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• triumvirate
The creation of the
Roman Empire
transformed Roman
government, society,
economy, and culture.
The Roman Empire has served
throughout history as a model
of political organization and
control.
• absolute ruler
• Augustus
• Pax Romana
• gladiator
Assessment
2
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The Roman Empire
Brings Change
MAP
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain how Rome changed during the Pax Romana.
Changes in Rome
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rome becomes an empire with one ruler.
Civil service system established.
Empire expands.
Roman way of life extends to the provinces.
Roman trade reaches India and China.
Road network increases trade.
Women have more freedom.
Religions of southwestern Asia become influential.
Gap between rich and poor increases.
continued . . .
2
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The Roman Empire
Brings Change
MAP
Section
2
Assessment
2. What role did Julius Caesar play in the decline of the
republic and the rise of the empire? THINK ABOUT
• the problems facing the republic
• how Caesar helped restore order
• Caesar’s defiance of the senate
• Caesar’s rule as dictator
ANSWER
Possible
Response:
Caesar helped restore order, then seized power. His
occupation of Rome and his rule as dictator
effectively ended the republic.
End of Section 2
3
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The Rise of
Christianity
Key Idea
Christianity begins with the teachings of
Jesus in Judea. The new religion spreads
quickly throughout the empire.
Overview
Assessment
3
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The Rise of
Christianity
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Jesus
• apostle
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Christianity arose in
Roman-occupied Judea
and spread throughout the
Roman Empire.
As the world’s most
widespread religion,
Christianity guides the
lives of millions today.
• Peter
• Paul
• Diaspora
• bishop
• pope
• Constantine
• heresy
Assessment
3
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The Rise of
Christianity
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Describe five events that led to the spread of
Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.
Rome takes
over
Jewish
kingdom.
Jesus gathers
many
followers.
Paul and other
missionaries
spread Jesus’
message.
Constantine
issues
Edict of Milan.
Theodosius
makes
Christianity the
empire’s
official religion.
continued . . .
3
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The Rise of
Christianity
Section
3
Assessment
2. Do you think Christianity would have developed in the
same way if it had arisen in an area outside the Roman
Empire? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• Jesus’ growing popularity
• the effect of actions Rome took against Jesus and his followers
• the depth of belief of Jesus’ followers
• the advantages of being part of a vast empire
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• No. Christianity would have grown more slowly
outside the empire.
• Yes. It would have spread just as fast or faster
without Roman persecutions.
continued . . .
3
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The Rise of
Christianity
Section
3
Assessment
3. Who do you think did more to spread Christianity—
Paul or Constantine? THINK ABOUT
• Paul’s travels
• the opening of Christianity to the Gentiles
• Constantine’s power as an emperor
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Paul did more to spread Christianity because he carried it
throughout the empire and welcomed Gentiles.
• Constantine did more because he accepted Christianity
and ended the persecution.
End of Section 3
4
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The Decline of the
Roman Empire
Key Idea
The Roman Empire splits in two. Economic,
military, and political decay and outside
invaders bring down the Western Roman
Empire, but the eastern half survives.
Overview
Assessment
4
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The Decline of the
Roman Empire
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• inflation
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Internal problems and
nomadic invasions
spurred the division and
decline of the Roman
empire.
The decline and fall of
great civilizations is a
repeating pattern in world
history.
• mercenary
• Diocletian
• Constantinople
• Alaric
• Attila
Assessment
4
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The Decline of the
Roman Empire
Section
4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Identify the causes of each of the effects listed below.
Decline of the Roman Empire
Effects
Causes
Inflation
Gold and silver squandered; coins worth
less
Untrustworthy army
Soldiers fought for money.
Decreased citizen interest in
government
Citizens had little influence; officials
burdened with debts. The empire couldn’t
maintain its defenses; army was weakened.
continued . . .
4
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The Decline of the
Roman Empire
Section
4
Assessment
2. How do you think the splitting of the empire into two
parts helped it survive for another 200 years?
THINK ABOUT
• the differences between the eastern and western
halves of the empire
• the advantages of a smaller empire
ANSWER
Possible
Response:
The wealthier eastern half included most of the
empire’s great cities and trading centers. By creating
a smaller area that was easier to defend, Constantine
was able to preserve the empire for another 200 years.
End of Section 4
5
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Rome and the Roots of
Western Civilization
GRAPH
Key Idea
Greco-Roman culture continues to influence
the arts, science and technology, government,
and legal systems of the Western world and
other parts of the globe.
Overview
Assessment
5
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Rome and the Roots of
Western Civilization
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Greco-Roman culture
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Romans developed
many ideas and
institutions that became
fundamental to Western
civilization.
Evidence of Roman culture
is found throughout Europe
and North America and in
Asia and Africa.
Assessment
• Pompeii
• Virgil
• Tacitus
• aqueduct
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Rome and the Roots of
Western Civilization
5
GRAPH
Section
5
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For
each of the categories below, list the accomplishments of
Roman culture.
Fine Arts
Realistic
sculpture,
murals,
mosaics
Literature
Histories,
Virgil’s Aeneid,
Ovid’s Amores,
Tacitus’s
Annals and
Histories
Engineering
Arch,
dome,
aqueduct,
roads
Law
Equal treatment
before the law,
innocent until
proven guilty,
burden of proof on
the accuser, unfair
laws set aside
continued . . .
5
Rome and the Roots of
Western Civilization
HOME
GRAPH
Section
5
Assessment
2. Which principle of law do you think has been Rome’s
greatest contribution to modern legal systems? THINK ABOUT
• equality before the law
• innocent until proven guilty
• unfair laws could be set aside
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Equal treatment before the law because it erases
class differences.
• Innocent until proven guilty because there can be
no punishment without conviction.
• Unfair laws can be set aside because bad laws can
be changed.
continued . . .
5
Rome and the Roots of
Western Civilization
HOME
GRAPH
Section
5
Assessment
3. Why do you think the Greek philosophy of Stoicism
was so appealing to Romans? THINK ABOUT
• Stoic philosophy
• the Roman citizen-soldier
• Roman law
ANSWER
Possible
Response:
Stoicism emphasized virtue, duty, and endurance,
qualities that would appeal to the citizen-soldier. Also,
Stoics believed that human laws should be reasonable
and just, concepts that influenced Roman legal
systems.
End of Section 5