Transcript Slide 1

ROME
CHAPTER 11
FOUNDATIONS
 Etruscans
 Foreigners
 Anatolia
 Influence:
 Roads, defenses, govt.
 Decline
TRANSITION
 Monarchy
 Republic
 Senate
REPUBLIC
 Aristocracy v. people
 Complex racial makeup
 Indigenous Italians
 Indo-Europeans
 Greek colonies
EXPANSION
 Rivalry with neighbors
 Central, southern Italy by mid-4th century
 Causes?
 Extension of citizenship
 Growth of military
 Punic Wars
 146 B.C.E. , Roman victory
 Carthage
B.C.E.
EXPANSION
 Consequences
 Gap betw. rich and poor
 Larger estates
 Slaves +
EXPANSION, 133 B.C.E.
CRISIS
 Class conflict
 Julius Caesar
 49
 44
B.C.E. ,
takes power
B.C.E. , assassination
CRISIS
 Civil War
 Caesar's nephew, Octavian, 31 B.C.E.
 Empire
 “Augustus”
“PAX ROMANA”
 First 2 centuries of common era
 Republic to dictatorship
 Imperial greatness
EMPIRE
 Imperial Rule
 Unification
 Inclusion, citizenship
 Roman culture
EMPIRE
 Augustus and His Successors
 Reforms
 Laws supporting marriage, family
 Building program
EMPIRE
 Government and Expansion
 Commerce regulated
 Grain supply
 Taxation
EMPIRE
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Farming
Merchants later
Family
Patriarchal society
ROMAN LAW
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Equity
Roman “pater” weakened
Women
Innocent until proven guilty
SOCIETY
 Greek influence
 Roman dif ferences
 Rhetoric
“BUILDERS”
 Roads
 Best technology
 Engineering
 Stone arches
 Strength, longevity
 Public works
 Concrete – Roman invention
 Baths, buildings, aqueducts
SLAVERY
 Increases with empire
 war captives
CULTURE
GLADIATORS
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Violent, bloody fights
Humans, animals
To death
betting
THERMAE
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Bath houses
All Romans
Clean and elaborate
Process d
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Steam
Warm water
Hothouse – dry bath
Warm pool
 Cleaning, scraping, dried
 Lukewarm bath
 Cold bath
 Food, drink, sex
PROSTITUTION
 Meretrix – prostitute
 Mainly slaves, some Romans
 Highly regulated
 Clothes, taxes, officials
 Lupanar – brothel
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Different conditions
Well organized
Many involved in operations
Small rooms; dark, gloomy
Little privacy
THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM
AUGUSTUS TO 180 C.E.
CHRISTIANITY
 In Roman empire, not culture
 Jesus of Nazareth
 Reform Judaism
 Love, charity, humility
 Popular following
CHRISTIANITY
 Growing popularity
 Why?
 Paul of Tarsus
 Initially anti-Christian
 Spread Christian message
 Jesus – real person
 Dynamic, aggressive, equality
 Rich and poor
 Beliefs
CHRISTIANITY
CHRISTIANITY
 Christian religion
 Greek and Roman ideals
 Imperial cult
 Persecution
ALCOHOL
 Christianity
 Most important ritual: eucharist
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Wine: centerpiece, duty
Blood of Christ
Miracles
Sacred vs. secular
Moderation
ALCOHOL
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Wine production
Convivium – Dinner party
Coarse, rowdy (compared to Greeks)
Drunkenness, lewd conduct
DECLINE
 Challenges
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Declining revenue
Borders threatened
Fewer slaves
Epidemics
DECLINE
 Classical Mediterranean Heritage
 Passed on Greek culture
 + contributions in law, architecture, empire