Transcript Slide 1
ROME
CHAPTER 11
FOUNDATIONS
Etruscans
Foreigners
Anatolia
Influence:
Roads, defenses, govt.
Decline
TRANSITION
Monarchy
Republic
Senate
REPUBLIC
Aristocracy v. people
Complex racial makeup
Indigenous Italians
Indo-Europeans
Greek colonies
EXPANSION
Rivalry with neighbors
Central, southern Italy by mid-4th century
Causes?
Extension of citizenship
Growth of military
Punic Wars
146 B.C.E. , Roman victory
Carthage
B.C.E.
EXPANSION
Consequences
Gap betw. rich and poor
Larger estates
Slaves +
EXPANSION, 133 B.C.E.
CRISIS
Class conflict
Julius Caesar
49
44
B.C.E. ,
takes power
B.C.E. , assassination
CRISIS
Civil War
Caesar's nephew, Octavian, 31 B.C.E.
Empire
“Augustus”
“PAX ROMANA”
First 2 centuries of common era
Republic to dictatorship
Imperial greatness
EMPIRE
Imperial Rule
Unification
Inclusion, citizenship
Roman culture
EMPIRE
Augustus and His Successors
Reforms
Laws supporting marriage, family
Building program
EMPIRE
Government and Expansion
Commerce regulated
Grain supply
Taxation
EMPIRE
Farming
Merchants later
Family
Patriarchal society
ROMAN LAW
Equity
Roman “pater” weakened
Women
Innocent until proven guilty
SOCIETY
Greek influence
Roman dif ferences
Rhetoric
“BUILDERS”
Roads
Best technology
Engineering
Stone arches
Strength, longevity
Public works
Concrete – Roman invention
Baths, buildings, aqueducts
SLAVERY
Increases with empire
war captives
CULTURE
GLADIATORS
Violent, bloody fights
Humans, animals
To death
betting
THERMAE
Bath houses
All Romans
Clean and elaborate
Process d
Steam
Warm water
Hothouse – dry bath
Warm pool
Cleaning, scraping, dried
Lukewarm bath
Cold bath
Food, drink, sex
PROSTITUTION
Meretrix – prostitute
Mainly slaves, some Romans
Highly regulated
Clothes, taxes, officials
Lupanar – brothel
Different conditions
Well organized
Many involved in operations
Small rooms; dark, gloomy
Little privacy
THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM
AUGUSTUS TO 180 C.E.
CHRISTIANITY
In Roman empire, not culture
Jesus of Nazareth
Reform Judaism
Love, charity, humility
Popular following
CHRISTIANITY
Growing popularity
Why?
Paul of Tarsus
Initially anti-Christian
Spread Christian message
Jesus – real person
Dynamic, aggressive, equality
Rich and poor
Beliefs
CHRISTIANITY
CHRISTIANITY
Christian religion
Greek and Roman ideals
Imperial cult
Persecution
ALCOHOL
Christianity
Most important ritual: eucharist
Wine: centerpiece, duty
Blood of Christ
Miracles
Sacred vs. secular
Moderation
ALCOHOL
Wine production
Convivium – Dinner party
Coarse, rowdy (compared to Greeks)
Drunkenness, lewd conduct
DECLINE
Challenges
Declining revenue
Borders threatened
Fewer slaves
Epidemics
DECLINE
Classical Mediterranean Heritage
Passed on Greek culture
+ contributions in law, architecture, empire