Transcript Document

CH. 12: ROMAN CIVILIZATION
P. 337
LESSON 1: THE ROMAN WAY
OF LIFE
THE EMPIRE’S CHIEF
CITY
• Chief city: Rome
• Emperor: lived on the top
of a hill
• At the foot of the hill: the
Forum (marketplace &
public square)
• Surrounding Forum:
temples & other public
buildings
• Wealthy Romans: also lived
on hills
BREAD AND CIRCUSES
• To gain support of
Rome’s poor
• Circus Maximus:
arena that seated
more than 150,000
people
• Gladiator fights in
Colosseum
THE ROMAN FAMILY
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•
•
•
Families get smaller
People allowed to divorce & remarry
Roman boys: became adults at age 15
Roman girls: became adults when they
married (usually around age 14)
WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE
FOR ROMAN WOMEN?
• Woman’s freedom depended on her
husband’s status
• Wealthy women: more independence
(could own land, run businesses, sell
property, attend events – but sit separately
from men)
• Poor women: less freedom
ROME AND SLAVERY
• 73 B.C.: Spartacus leads
slave rebellion
• Roman army crushes
revolt
• Spartacus & many
followers killed
RELIGION AND
PHILOSOPHY
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•
•
•
•
•
Greek gods & goddesses renamed
Zeus > Jupiter
Aphrodite > Venus
Emperors were considered gods
Adopted Greek philosophy, especially Stoicism
Conquered people could practice their religions as
long as they did not threaten the government
SCIENCE
• Emphasis on anatomy
• Ptolemy: studied the sky,
mapped stars, created
rules to explain planets’
& stars’ movements
• Engineering: roads
(Appian Way), aqueducts
• Roman numerals
ART AND
ARCHITECTURE
• Vaulted ceilings
• First to master
concrete (volcanic
ash, lime, water)
• Colosseum,
Pantheon, etc.
LITERATURE
• Virgil: Roman poet, wrote the Aeneid (tells
about the founding of Rome)
• Horace: poet who wrote satires & odes
• Livy & Tacitus: Roman historians
• Livy: wrote History of Rome, celebrated Rome’s
greatness
• Tacitus: more critical
LESSON 2: ROME’S DECLINE
P. 350
POLITICAL CONFUSION
•After Marcus Aurelius: end of Pax Romana
•Gov weakens, army strengthens
•22 emperors in 50 years
•Bribery common
•Support for education declines
•Rich Romans stop paying taxes
ECONOMIC WEAKNESSES
•Roman soldiers & foreign invaders attack farms, disrupt
trade
•Prices go up, money less valuable (inflation)
•People go back to bartering
INVASIONS
•Germanic tribes invade West, Persian armies invade East
•Gov hires Germanic soldiers (less loyal)
WHO WAS DIOCLETIAN?
•A.D. 284: becomes emperor
•Built forts along frontiers
•Divided empire into 4 parts
•Set maximum prices for wages & goods
•Workers had to stay in their jobs until they died
•Local officials responsible for taxes in their
communities
•Reforms not successful, people ignored him
CONSTANTINE’S RULE
•A.D. 312: Constantine becomes emperor
•Tries to continue some of Diocletian’s reforms
•But Rome continues to decline
•A.D. 330: Constantine moves the capital from Rome to
Byzantium (became known as Constantinople)
EMPIRE SPLITS
•A.D. 395: Roman
Empire splits
•Western Roman
Empire: Rome as capital
•Eastern Roman
Empire: Constantinople
as capital
GERMANIC INVADERS
•Huns enter Eastern Europe
•Visigoths enter Roman Empire for protection
•Romans treat Visigoths badly; Visigoths rebel, capture Rome
•Vandals also destroy Rome
•A.D. 476: Roman emperor overthrown (Western Roman Empire
ends)
•Eastern Roman Empire survives, becomes the Byzantine Empire
ROME’S LEGACIES
•Latin (including alphabet)
•Spread Christianity
LATIN WORDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Antiqua
Pictura
Nova
Terra
Sub
Fama
Aqua
Herba
Pirata
Quieta
THINK-TAC-TOE
Answer #5
(Persuasive Writing)
on p. 357.
Answer #1 (Review
Vocabulary) on p.
347.
Answer #4
(Summarizing) on p.
357.
Answer #4
(Geography Activity)
on p. 360.
Read p. 358-359 &
answer the three
questions on p. 359.
Answer #2 (Review
Vocabulary) on p. 347.
Answer #1 (Review
Answer #2
Vocabulary) on p. 357. (Describing) on p. 357.
Answer #7
(Expository Writing)
on p. 347.
QUIZ TOPICS
•Gladiator
•Bread & Circuses
•Spartacus
•Influence of Latin
•Anatomy
•Roman architecture
•Role of women
•Ode
•Aeneid
•Why Rome declined
•Inflation
•Western & Eastern Roman Empires