Transcript Guided Notes – Ancient Rome

Guided Notes – Ancient
The building of anRome
empire
200 years a Kingdom-500 years a republic – 500 years an empire
 King of Macedonia died in 323 B.C.
 His general split the empire into 3
parts – Macedonia, Egypt and
Persia
 Power shifted from Greece on the
Balkan Peninsula to Rome on the
Italian Peninsula
 The Hellenistic period brought
Rome into importance
Alexander the Great
The “Latin's or Romans” migrated from
over the Alps into Italy in about 800 B.C.
- they were herders and farmers
 People settled near the Tiber River

◦ An area of 7 hills for defense and nice place to
live
◦ Near water but not on the coast
◦ Rome 18 miles from the sea
Peoples of Italy
After removing the
Etruscan kings, Rome
vowed to never have a king
again
A republic gave citizens the
right to vote for their leaders

ADVANTAGES
◦ Protected by mountains
◦ Apennine Mountains are
not hard to travel
through for travel
◦ Peninsula –great for
trade

DISADVANTAGES
◦ Separated from the
rest of Europe by Alps
◦ Open for enemy
attacks due to
coastline and Apennine
Mountains
How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt
the founding of the Roman
Republic?
Patricians were the wealthy aristocrats
 Plebeians were the merchants and farmers
 Slaves were popular but not considered
citizens

Roman Class system

ADVANTAGES
◦ Protected by mountains
◦ Apennine Mountains are
not hard to travel
through for travel
◦ Peninsula –great for
trade

DISADVANTAGES
◦ Separated from the
rest of Europe by Alps
◦ Open for enemy
attacks due to
coastline and Apennine
Mountains
How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt the
founding of the Roman Republic?

The Romans used the three best
governments they knew:
 monarchy
 aristocracy
 Democracy
Roman Republic
CONSULS
Monarchy
 2 consuls who served one year terms and
could veto each other’s decisions
 DUTIES: command army, ran
government, appoint dictator in times of
emergency

Limits: could only serve 1 year terms
Roman Republic
SENATE
 Aristocracy
330 member Senate (eventually spread to
Plebs)
DUTIES: controlled budget, proposed and
passed laws
LIMITS: could not control army




◦ CENSORS:
◦ Took census; upheld laws (courts)
◦ PRAETORS:
◦ Made laws; served as military commanders
Senate
ASSEMBLIES
 Democracy
 TRIBUNES(35 tribes elected 10 officials)
came from all over the Republic to
represent the plebs VOICE
 DUTIES: could veto Senate’s laws
 LIMITS: could not propose laws

Tribunes (the plebs get power!)
The Forum was a place in
the center of town where
the temple and
government buildings
were located.
12 tables posted
Romans in the Forum
509
450
367
264
BCE
BCE
BCE
BCE
Roman Republic founded
12 tables adopted
Plebeians are allowed as consuls
Rome controls all of the Italian
Peninsula
265-146 BCE Romans conquer the Mediterranean
Area
120 BCE – 44BCE Breakdown of the Republic
44 BCE Julius Caesar rules
27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes emperor of the
Roman
Empire
Timeline