Transcript Roman Art and Architecture

Roman Art and
Architecture!
The exam for this topic
• You will be given
3 photographs
from the works
studied, and a set
of questions on
each.
• You must answer
on 2 out of the 3
photos
Achievement
Merit
Excellence
Place the works
in social and/or
historical and/or
artistic context(s)
Place the works
in social and/or
historical and/or
artistic context(s)
with supporting
evidence
Place the works
in social and/or
historical and/or
artistic context(s)
with
comprehensive
supporting
evidence
Describe the
works and
explain their
style(s) and/or
techniques used
Describe the
works in detail
and analyse
their style(s)
and/or
techniques used
Describe the
works in detail
and evaluate
their style(s)
and/or
techniques used
Introduction
• The unit will be broken up into the following subtopics:
• Portraiture – patrician carrying busts, bust of
commodus, philip the arabian
• Religious Architecture – maison caree, temple of
bacchus at baalbek, ara pacis, pantheon
• Relief Sculptures – arch of titus, arch of constantine,
trajan’s column
• Functional – colosseum, hadrian’s baths, hadrian’s villa
at Tivoli, theatre at lepcis magna, pont du gard
• Mosaics - hadrians
Introduction
• ‘Art and Architecture’ is a description for
the range of material culture that comes
from ancient Rome.
• This topic looks at the art and architecture
produced in the Roman Empire from the
reign of Augustus (30BC-AD14) to
Constantine (AD 306-337)
But first...a list of Emperors
Julio-Claudian dynasty
• Augustus 27BC- AD14
• Tiberius AD14 - 37
• Caligula AD37 – 41
• Claudius AD 41- 54
• Nero AD54- 68
Year of 4 emperors
(AD 68 –AD69)
• Galba
• Otho
• Vitellius
Flavian Dynasty
• Vespasian AD69-79
• Titus AD79-81
• Domitian AD 81-96
Trajanic Dynasty
• Nerva AD96-98
• Trajan AD98-117
• Hadrian AD117-138
Antonine Dynasty
• Antoninus Pius AD138-161
• Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180
• Lucis Verus AD161-169
• Commodus AD177-192
Severan dynasty
• (11 emperors)
Emperors during the height of
crisis AD 235-268
• Philip the Arabian
• Many others (constant change)
• Constantine AD 337-307
Roman History
• The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C.
• The Republic: 509-27 B.C.
• The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D.
– Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D.
– Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.
END OF THE REPUBLIC
• The Victory of Caesar’s
grandnephew, Octavian,
over Marc Antony and
Cleopatra in 31 BC
brought the end of the
Roman Republic
– The last civil war of the
period
• Octavian (now calling
himself Augustus) created
an imperial monarchy to
take place of the Republic
JULIO-CLAUDIANS
Tiberius
Claudius
Gaius
(Caligula)
Nero
YEAR OF THE FOUR EMPERORS
Galba
Otho
Vespasian
Vitellius
FLAVIANS
Domitian
Titus
Vespasian
Trajan
Hadrian
Nerva
TRJANIC
ANTONINES
Antoninus
Pius
Marcus
Aurelius
Commodus
START OF THE SEVERAN
DYNASTY
Pertinax
Septimius Severus
Some questions to get you thinking
• Do you know what your great grandparents look
like?
• How do you know this?
• Are these images displayed in a special place?
• What are some of the benefits to knowing what
your ancestors looked like?
• What did Ancient Romans do to remember their
ancestors when they didn’t have photographs?
Artwork # 1
Subtopic: Portraiture
Patrician Carrying
Busts
Patrician busts
Write this on page 8 of your workbook under
‘Explain the importance of wax masks in
Roman society’
• When people died, It was custom to have
wax masks of the dead made to use in
funeral procession. This commemorated
the dead.
• Bronze or marble copies of the death mask
were made to be displayed at home. (Only
Patrician families could afford this images
of their ancestors – this was called the ius
imaginum)
To ensure that I
remember what
he looks like I’ll
have a wax
mask made of
his face. And in
keeping with
tradition I’ll
wear that wax
mask in the
funeral
procession to
show everyone
his face.
This bust Is
great. I will put
this in my living
room So I can
show my father
off in my living
room at home
and remember
him
What Patrician’s houses look like – busts of their family on display
Fantastic! Both
my
grandfathers’
bust
And my father’s
bust are on
display in my
house. I think
I’ll have a
bronze portrait
done of me with
my ancestors
as I’m so
proud.
Write this on p.8 of workbook
under ‘Explain the importance
of wax masks in Roman
society’:
At the next family Funeral.
This man Would carry the
busts of his Father and
Grandfather in procession
To show how similar they
look to him and to show the
ancestors of the person who
just died and to show that
this man has been a
patrician for 3 generations
now. The more busts you
had meant you were more
wealthy and members of
your family had been
patricians for a long time. (A
long pedigree)
Sculptor! Oh
Sculptor!
Please come and
Sculpt a bronze
Image of me
With my dad and
Grandad. I want
People to see how
Proud I am of them
I want a copy of
Me with them for
My house!
I’m ready!
That is a fantastic bronze
Sculpture! Look how shiny
It is. Let’s get a copy
Of it in marble for our house!
Oh no! The Patrician’s head
Has fallen off! Let’s find
A replacement head from the
Same era…..
A marble sculpture
The 2 ‘busts’ here in marble
are originals. But the head of the
Patrician is a marble
Replacement from a different statue.
This whole statue is a copy of
the bronze original
Originally, The Patrician was an
Actual person and the busts
He was holding were wax.
What style would you say these
faces are?
• Are they flashy or serious?
• Are they looking old or
Young and attractive?
• What kinds of lives would
they have had?
• What do these faces say about
these people?
• If you had a portrait done of you to
be remembered and looked at
forever how would you want it to
look? Realistic or glamourous?
Terms
• Patrician = The wealthy upper class people of
Rome. Fill this in on p. 8 of workbook
• Workbook p.5: The wax images of the deceased
were done in veristic style (a realistic depiction of
an individual’s face, and showed the qualities of
wisdom and experience, particularly on middle
aged males, a ‘warts and all’ approach) and
showed the family likeness. It also showed that
the people were old, experienced, authorative,
hard workers who gave a lot in their life.
Patrician Carrying busts p.5
workbook
Leave the other questions for revision. Just
answer this one by reading the
information….
What does the word verism mean?
See p. 11 of your workbook
Patrician carrying busts p. 6
workbook
1.
2.
3.
4.
See p. 6 Paul Artus
See p. 7 Paul Artus
See p. 6 Paul Artus bottom left & right
1=Wrinkles and creases shown in brow, corner of eyes & side
of mouth
2=attention to bone structure. Skin stretches over the face
3=bags under eyes, balding head, sunken cheeks and large
nose
5. See p. 7 Paul Artus
6. See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus
7. See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus
8. See top left of p.6 Paul Artus
9. See Paul artus p. 6 up the very top
10. See p.7 Paul Artus at top left
Patrician carrying busts p. 7
workbook
Date:
Made of: Marble
Height: (top of p.7 Paul Artus)
The Busts are intended copies of bronze originals
It is done in the _____ style (See p. 6 Paul Artus)
What is odd about the head? (See top left of p.7 Paul
Artus)
Patrician carrying busts p. 7
workbook continued
• What is the carrier wearing? See Paul Artus top left
corner p. 7
• What is the occasion? It is the funeral of someone and
he is carrying them in procession
• What is the significance of carrying the busts?
• Who would carry busts like this?
• How did these heads differ in style from Greek busts?
Greek busts were idealised not veristic
• Why did the Romans want this style?
• Why were copies of busts like this made?
• What method was used to copy such busts easily? Wax
was put over the deceased face to get the shape and
detail
Complete questions in
Your paul artus book
For homework