Transcript Ancient Rome - ESM School District

Ancient Rome
753 BC
“Rome is the conqueror of the root
conqueror”
Geography
 Located
on
Italian
Peninsula
 Midway
between Alps
and tip of Italy
Governments of Rome
 MR. ED
Monarchy
Republic
Empire
Decline
So what is Rome known for?
–––-
Government/ law
Architecture
Christianity
Government:

Rome was republic
– -Power rests in citizens
 o Only males could vote
DENIED
What is the difference
between a republic and a
Direct Democracy?
Organization of Government:
Consuls (2) – controlled army

Senate – created law and policies

Dictator- only in case of emergency,
one ruler with absolute power

Social Classes:
1)Patricians
 a.Wealthy landowners
 b.
Most power
2)Plebeians
 a.Common farmer, artist, merchant
 b.Majority of population
 c.Could not hold high government offices
i.Created Tribunes or assembly to protect
rights
Law:

Written Law: 12 Tables
Law (12 Tables) system
of Law, equality under law, rights of
the accused ( Codified Laws)

(12 Tables)
Military:
 All
males that own land must
serve military
Spreading Rome:
– Eventually took over whole Italian peninsula
– Mediterranean Sea allowed for commercial
network to grow increase influence and
power create new enemies
– Carthage: African Empire
Punic Wars: 264 BC
– War started over Carthage attempting to control all
of Sicily
– Rome fights Empire of Carthage in North Africa
–Hannibal of Carthage
–Roman Triumph
 o Complete control of West Mediterranean

End of the Republic
Republic had spread all across
Mediterranean region
– Battle between rich and poor created
problems
– High taxes had lead to numerous rebellions
throughout the republic
– They had to be stopped or republic would
fall
Triumvirate - 3 major leaders of
Council will select a dictator
 Julius Caesar,
 Marcus Licinius Crassus,
 Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey)
Famous Leader

Julius Caesar- military
genius and future dictator of
Rome
– became a dictator with
ABSOLUTE POWER
As said in the DARK KNIGHT
 Bruce: Exactly.
Who elected the Batman?
 Harvey: We did. All of us who let scum like Maroni take over
our city.
 Natasha: But, this is a democracy.
 Harvey: When their enemies were at the gates, the Romans
would suspend democracy and appoint one man to protect
the city. And it wasn’t considered an honor, it was considered
a public service.
 Rachel: Harvey, the last person the Romans elected to
protect the city was named Caesar, and he never gave up his
power.
Caesar’s
power
threatened
power of
Senate
had him
assassinate
d in 44 BC.
Civil
war
followed
“Die the hero, or
live long enough to
become the villain”
Who will come out
on top?
nd
2 Triumvirate :
Octavian vs
Marc Anthony
vs
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Beginning of the Roman Empire
 Augustus
Caesar
(Octavian)- 1st emperor
– Pax Romana – “Roman Peace”
– 207 years of peace from 27
BC. To 180 ad
 o Why did this happen?
 Stable
government
Economy:
 Most

were tradesman or farmers
90% were farmers
Slavery:
 Remember


the movie Gladiator?
Most were conquered people
Made up one third of empire
Eventually Empire becomes too
big to manage
Emperor Diocletian splits empire in to 2
parts: East and West
The Growth of Christianity
Founder: Jesus of
Nazareth
 Sect of Judaism
 Preached salvation for all
(not just Hebrews)
 Holy Bible = (Torah (old
testament) + Teaching of
Jesus (new testament)
 Follow the 10
commandments

Religion:
Before Christianity hit Rome they
were polytheistic
Gods such as Jupiter, Lares
Christianity

For years Jew, Pagans, and
Christians fought over religion in Rome
–-
Edict of Milan – 313 ad
As Christianity grew, the traditional Pagan
Romans and Christians clashed
In order to save his empire, Constantine
proclaimed religious tolerance
–Emperor Constantine
declared it an
acceptable religion of
Roman Empire
o Would eventually
become official
religion of Rome
–-Constantine moves
capital to
Constantinople
(Modern day Turkey)
Arguments begin between east
and West
 At one time there was 3 popes!
Decline of the Empire
QuickTime™ and a
T IFF (Uncompressed) decompr essor
ar e needed to see t his pictur e.
– Over time, soldier became less loyal to Rome and more to commanders
 Empire was too big to control and monitor
– Government had become corrupt
- Food Shortages/ bad harvests
- Gap between rich and poor
– Western half of Empire falls to Germanic invasions in 476 AD
– Eastern half will eventually become Byzantine Empire
Legacy:
 Arts-
Realistic sculptures
Language – Latin
Architecture Roads
“ All ROADS
lead to
ROME!”
Aqueducts
Arch
The Coliseum
The Forum
Cement
Domes
Law (12 Tables) system
of Law, equality under law, rights of
the accused ( Codified Laws)

(12 Tables)
Circus Maximus
Pantheon
So what happened to the Roman Empire?
Greece vs. Rome
Column
 Direct Democracy (Athens)
 Sculptures
 Alexander’s Empire
 Polytheistic
 Astronomy
 Pericles
 Hellenistic Culture
 Astronomy
 Math

Arch, Dome, Aqueducts
 Representative
Democracy (Republic)
 Roman Empire
 Anatomically correct
sculptures
 Christianity
 12 Tables
 Latin

In the end, the civilization of ancient Rome is known
for several things:
•the hugeness of the Empire;
• the success of the well-trained armies;
•the massive, impressive structures and
construction, such as roads, aqueducts, baths, the
Forum, and temples;
•the struggle with and then embracement of
Christianity;
•the spreading of Roman writing, laws, trade
practices and ideals and, especially, of Greek
ideals to the rest of the known world;
•the terrible tragedies of slavery and conquest on
which the civilization was ultimately based;
•the dramatic way in which the Empire collapsed,
serving as an example for generations afterward