Transcript Roman Military

Roman Military
Osvaldo Jaimes
Table of contents
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Weapons
Armor
Roman Ranks SO
Roman Ranks Other
Groups
Roman Generals
Discipline
Decimation
Bibliography
Pugio (dagger)
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Dagger like weapon used by legionnaires
Secondary Weapon
Leaf Shaped Blade
3 millimeters thin
18-28 cm long
Gladius (sword)
• Short sword of the SPQR
• Used mostly to stab rather than slash due to
space
• Known as “Spanish Sword” due to inheritance
from Spain
• Design of hilt identified the rank of the soldier
Hasta (spear)
• Used to stab and
smack the enemy
rather than being
thrown
• Wooden shaft
made of ash
• Iron Triangular
shaped tip
• Usually found at
the last line of
army carried by
legionnaires
Pilum (javelin)
• Heavier javelin than normal
• When thrown with speed, the impact, would
pierce through a shield or armor
• When pierced in a shield, the pilum is not easy
to take out and is useless
Spatha
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Longer than Gladius
Worn on Left hip
30-39 inches in length
Romans adopted it from Germanic foes
Verutum (light javelin)
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Javelin lighter and shorter than the pilum
Used by the Velites or light infantry]
1.1 meter long shaft with a 13 centimeter tip
Used mostly to keep war elephants away
Was replaced by the pilum
Lorica Segmentata
• More improved
version of gladiator
torso armor
• Laminated iron
straps joined
together by hooks or
leather straps
• iron straps gave you
maximum protection
• Design of the armor
allowed for easy
torso movements
Lorica Hamata
• “hook armor”
• Made completely of iron
• Known to be worn by the heavy
infantry legionnaires
• Made of small heavy metal
rings making it the strongest
yet most flexible piece of armor
Parma
• 36 inch shield in diameter
• Frame was made of iron making it very
effective
• Worn by the lowest division- The Velites
• effective in blocking arrows
Manica (Arm Guard)
• Proved to be effective by gladiators
• Made of overlapping iron or bronze circular
bands latched on leather
• Flexible and comfortable to be worn by a
swordsman
Caligae (boots)
• Sandals with heavy thick soles
• Boots were laced from the center to the
ankle of the foot by leather straps
• Open air design to avoid blisters
• Same design for every soldier
Tribuni Angusticlavii
• Young soldiers
• Part of high raked families
• There were 5 tribuni
angusticlavii in each legion
Praefectus Castorum
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Usuallly war veterans
Hard on their legions
Third in command
Had some of the least power
Tribunis Laticlavius
• Co leader of the
legions
• In charge after the
Dux
• Mostly needed when
anything happened
to the other leaders
• Less power than the
Dux
Dux
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General for more than 2 legions
Every Dux was a professional
Leaders of more than 1 unit
Commanded the troops
Legatus
• Commanded up to
6,000 soldiers
• Served for ONLY 2
years
• Political authority
Decanus
• Commanded 8 soldiers
• Contubernium= 8 soldiers
Decurio
• Commander of
a small calvary
• 10-30 men
• Originally
commanded a
decuria (10)
• Later
commanded a
turma (32)
Tesserarius
• 2nd in command
• One in every
centuria
• Administrative
assistant
• Similar to non
commissioned
officers
Optio
• 60 per legion
• Chosen by a centurion
• Similar to an executive
officer
• Enforced orders of a
centurion
Legion
• Made up of 5,400 men
• Each legion had smaller groups inside of it
• Made up of citizens
Centuria
• 100 soldiers
• After the roman
legions
• Commanded by a
centurion which
was a professional
leader
Cohort
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Centuria had 10 cohorts
Had from 480-500 men
Basic unit
Junior officers helped in
commanding
Calvary
• Soldiers on horses
• Started in 338 B.C,
• Had an end to the calvary
Julius Caesar
• Julius Caesar
considered one of the
best Roman Generals.
During the Civil war
he helped the Empire
grow and get more
powerful. He was
very popular in Rome
and later became
leader of Rome.
Scipio Africanus
Scipio Africanus was a general in
the second Punic War against
Hannibal, which he managed to
defeat. He was best known for his
tactics and his studying of
Hannibal’s tactics which led him
to victory.
Augustus Caesar
• Augustus mostly like
Julius was very popular
and really smart. He
was best when hard
situations were brought
to him. He was the
emperor from
September 63 B.C. until
August 14 A.D. He was
known for creating the
era of peace and being
victorious against big
leaders
Pecunaria Multa
• Deductions were placed on the soldier’s pay
check
• You were given several chances for this
discipline
• You eventually got hit
Fustuarium
• Get beaten to death
• Go to court
• If you were able to escape you would have no
peace
Unmanly Acts
• Punished if you were a
coward
• Punished in groups of
ten
• Less food was given to
you
• Beaten to death
Decimation
• In English the word decimation means to
destroy or obliterate completely. In Latin
decimatio meant to destroy 1/10 of
something. The difference between these two
is in English you get rid of that particular
something completely.
Bibliography
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_personal_equipment#Pugio
http://www.ancientmilitary.com/roman-weapons.htm
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-weapons.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatha
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verutum
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-armor.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_(shield)
http://s_van_dorst.tripod.com/Ancient_Warfare/Rome/hierarchy.html
http://www.makethelist.net/top-10-greatest-roman-generals/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decurio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decurio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesserarius
Bibliography
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio_Africanus
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus
• http://www.biography.com/people/julius-caesar-9192504
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/roman-army-ranks-inorder.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_legion
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centuria
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_(military_unit)
• http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/roman-army/romancohorts.htm
• http://www.bible-history.com/sketches/ancient/romancenturion.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cavalry
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_an
d_punishments
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar