Transcript Rome-From_Village_to_Empire

2-27-13 #14
• Eq- How was Rome able to become a major
empire from its humble beginnings as a
small village of Latin's in central Europe?
• TIH- On this day in 1827, a group of
masked and costumed students dance
through the streets of New Orleans,
Louisiana, marking the beginning of the
city's famous Mardi Gras celebrations.
• What is your favorite holiday and explain
why?
Rome: From
Village to
Empire
c. 750 BCE: Latins (tribe) settle what becomes Rome
Latin's
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1500- 1000 b.c
Spoke Latin they were herders
Lived in settlements at the top of Rome's hills
After 800 b.c. Greeks and Etruscans began
settling
• Greeks big influence on Rome occupied Sicily
should them architecture, how to make wine
and religion
See Rome Expand!
Let’s Talk Topography and Geography
peninsula
mountains
rivers
Etruscans
• Biggest impact on Early Rome
• 650 b.c. they turned Rome into a city
• New dress- toga and short cloak started an
army
• 509 b.c Romans overthrew the Etruscan
king and established a REPUBLIC. NO
MONARCH or KING, some citizens have
the right to vote
Rome is west of Apennines Mts: more fertile land & river access
Rome
• Geography- Italy is a peninsula 750 miles
wide, it has small mountain ranges but unlike
Greece the mts are less rugged and did not
divide the peninsula into small communities
• Italy also had more land for farming to support
a larger population
• Tiber river was a route to the sea which made
easy access for trade and navigation but still
far enough inland to be safe from pirates
The early Romans were mostly…
farmers
c. 600 BCE:
Etruscans
Conquer Rome…
…Romans adopt
Etruscan alphabet,
art, gods, building
techniques (including
the arch)
In 509 BCE...
…the
Romans
overthrew
the
Etruscans
It’s interesting to note that this was the precise time
that we think of Greece as entering its Classical Era.
Unlike the Athenians, who had a direct or participatory
democracy, the Romans established a representative
democracy, or, a REPUBLIC…
…like we have today
Roman Social Structure
in the Republic
 Patricians: wealthy landowners and office-holders
 Plebeians: farmers, artisans, traders…could vote but
not hold political office
 Slaves: mostly prisoners of war…not
citizens…no rights
Politics
• Patricians- wealthy landowners and became
the ruling class
• Plebeians- Crafts people, farmers and
merchants
• Men in both groups could vote but only
Patricians could be in office
• Consuls/preators - executive officers, 2 chosen
every year to run the government. Other
officials had special duties
Rome continued
• Roman senate- a select group of about 300
patricians who served life terms. At first all
they did was advise officials but by the 3rd
century they began to enforce laws
• Plebeians and patricians had conflicts they
were forbidden to marry each other. Plebian
did not like this because they thought the
deserved both political and social equality
because they were soldiers.
Roman Religion
 Polytheistic: belief in more
than one god
 Absorbed gods of
others…including the Greeks
 Lots of public festivals
Roman Women
 Educated just like boys
 Could NOT vote, but could testify in
court
 Gained property rights
 More influence in family than Greek women
THE TWELVE TABLES
451 BCE: First
Roman Law Code
TWELVE carved stone tablets
(Take that, Moses!)
Law
• CODE of laws- Twelve tables adopted in
450 b.c that was a code for simple farmers
and proved later to not be very useful as
Roman society developed.
• Law of Nations- natural law or universal
law standards of Justice that applied to all
people. Innocent until proven guilty, having
a judge weigh the evidence
2-28-13
• TIH – 2-28-1957 Cambridge University
scientists James D. Watson and Frances
H.C. Crick announce that they have
determined the double-helix structure of
DNA, the molecule containing human
genes.
• What types of things are DNA used for
today, how has this discovery transformed
science?
Gradually, the
Romans began
to expand their
control…
Romans
• Romans wanted to expand across the sea into
Africa. The Phoenicians founded carthage
round 800 B.c.. Carthage was a large trading
empire because of its location and expanded
along the entire NE coast of Africa and ROME
WANTED IT!!!
• 264 Rome goes to war with carthage in the
FIRST PUNIC WAR. Romans were fearful
because they did not know the land or the seas
where the fighting took place. Rome builds a
navy, realizing they could not win without one.
ROME WINS 241 B.c. Sicily now belongs to
Rome
Round 2
• Carthage wanted revenge and so they added new
lands in Spain to their territories. The Romans
encourage one of Carthages allies to Revolt against
Carthage> Hannibal and his men say NO WAY and
struck back starting the 2nd Punic War
• Hannibal brings the war to Rome crossing the Alps
with 46000 men lots of horses and 37 elephants. The
Alps were very harsh, most elephants did not
survive. 216 b.c The Romans make the mistake of
meeting Hannibal head on and at cannae the
Romans lose more than 40,000 men
Cont…
• So the Romans still refuse to surrender and
raise another Army eventually getting their
strength back
• By 202 b.c. at Zama the Romans crush
Hannibal nd his army ending the 2nd Punic War
• By 146 b.c Carthage was destroyed for 10 days
Romans burned and demolished the city the
people were sold into slavery. By 129
Macedonia, Greece and other provinces were
under Roman Control.
…until they had conquered the entire Italian peninsula
plus the islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily
As they expanded
their control…
…the Romans built
an excellent network
of roads
Here’s how they built them:
Their road system is one of the Romans’
greatest achievements
Why do you think they built them?
Right! The Roman Road System
 Allowed easy military transport
 Enabled trade and commerce
 Helped unify expanding Roman territories
Back to Roman expansion…who do you think
would be a likely rival for control of the
Mediterranean Sea?
Right
again!
Carthage!!
Between 264-146 BCE the Romans
fought three wars with Carthage,
known as the Punic Wars.
Rome won…and went on to conquer the rest of
the Mediterranean world.
The period 27 BCE-180 AD (the last two
maps) is known as the:
PAX ROMANA
During this period:
o Romans thought they were the entire civilized world
o Rome enjoyed military dominance
o The population of the city of Rome reached 1 million
o Trade increased, bringing a wealth of resources into Rome
o The arts flourished
Well, that’s it for our quick overview of Rome’s
journey from small village to huge empire. Over the
next few weeks we will concentrate on the following:
 the influence of Greek culture upon the Romans
 Roman contributions to politics, technology and the
arts
 the rise of Christianity within the Roman Empire
 reasons for the decline and collapse of the Empire
Gallery of famous Romans
Julius Caesar
Marc Antony with
Egyptian Queen
Cleopatra
(Hollywood style)
Octavian
(“Augustus”)
3-1-13 #15
• TIH- 3-1-1692- SALEM WITCH HUINTS
BEGIN. Women charged with the illegal
practice of witchcraft.
• Why do you think people are sometimes
scared of what they don’t understand?
Review
• 1. Why was Hannibal able to be successful on the battle field? Provide
examples.
• 2. What are some reasons why Carthage and Rome had never fought
until the Punic Wars, why not before then?
• 3. How was Carthage able to end the fighting during the First Punic
War?
• 4. What does the text suggest on why the 2nd Punic war occurred?
• 5. Explain why it might have not been such a good idea for Hannibal
to take the route he did in attacking Rome?
• 6. What were the initial peace terms between Carthage and Rome after
the 2nd Punic war and did they change if so how and why?
• 7. T or F- Hannibal was caught eventually by the Romans and
executed
• 8. List 5 Geographic features of Italy and explain why Rome was a
good place for people to form a civilization?
• 9. Explain the difference between a patrician and a plebeian?
• 10. Explain the significance of the twelve tables of Rome? What are
they and how did they impact society?
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