Transcript Measuring and Recording Intake and Output

Nurse Assistant Skills
Nurse assistants are important members
of the health care team
Measuring and Recording
Intake and Output
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Intake: fluids taken in by patient
What is included in intake
Output: fluids eliminated by patient
What is included in output
Records must be accurate
Fluids usually measured by metric system
Measuring and Recording
Intake and Output
(continued)
Agencies follow different policies for
recording I&O
 Careful instructions should be given to
patients on I&O
 Standard precautions
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Measuring and Recording
Intake and Output
(continued)
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Good nutrition is an important part of a
patient’s treatment
Make mealtimes as pleasant as possible
Mealtimes are regarded as social time
Proper preparation for mealtime
Delay of meals
Check food tray
Feeding a Patient
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Allow patient to feed themselves
whenever possible
Test temperature of food
Principles to follow while feeding
Relaxed, unhurried atmosphere
Observe amount eaten
Observe for any signs of choking
Feeding a Patient
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Elimination of body waste is essential
Terminology
Many patients sensitive about using
bedpan/urinal
Accurate observations important
Standard precautions
Use of gloves important
Assisting with a Bedpan/Urinal
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Catheters: hollow tubes usually made of
rubber or plastic
French or straight catheter
Foley catheter
External condom catheter
Urinary-drainage units
Leg bags for ambulation
Providing Catheter and
Urinary-Drainage Unit Care
Careful observation of catheter and
drainage unit
 When catheter and urinary-drainage unit
in place, preferable never to disconnect
unit
 If necessary to disconnect catheter, follow
agency policy
 Catheter care
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Providing Catheter and
Urinary-Drainage Unit Care
Providing Catheter and
Urinary-Drainage Unit Care
Observation of urine
 Follow correct procedure to empty
drainage unit to prevent contamination
and infection
 Bladder training program
 Keep records
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Assisting patient with intake and output
important part of care
 Provide privacy and respect patient’s
rights at all times
 Observe standard precautions
 Follow correct procedures
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Summary
Laboratory tests are performed on
specimens to detect disease
 Specimens must be collected correctly for
tests to be accurate
 Routine urine specimen
 Clean-catch or midstream-voided urine
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Collecting Stool/Urine Specimens
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Sterile catheterized urine specimen
24-hour urine specimen
Routine stool (feces) specimen
Stool for occult blood
Label all specimens correctly
Use standard precautions
Collecting Stool/Urine Specimens
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Enemas
◦ Retention enemas
◦ Nonretention enemas
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Types of enemas
◦ Cleansing
◦ Disposable
◦ Oil retention
Enemas and Rectal Treatments
Impactions—removed by licensed or
advanced care provider
 Rectal tube
 Suppositories
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Enemas and Rectal Treatments
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Enemas and rectal treatments cannot be
administered without a doctor’s order
 Follow correct procedures at all times
 Observe standard precautions to prevent
spread of infection
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Summary
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Chemical restraints—medications
Physical restraints—protective devices
Conditions that may require restraints
Types of physical restraints
Points to remember when using restraints
Complications of restraints
Applying Restraints
Most health care facilities have specific
rules and policies regarding the use of
restraints
 Be aware of legal responsibilities
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Applying Restraints
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Blood must have oxygen
Signs of oxygen shortage
Deficiency of oxygen (hypoxia)
Methods of administration of oxygen
Ways of providing oxygen to the patient
Humidifier
Administering Oxygen
Safety precautions
 Pulse oximeters
 Points to check while oxygen in use
 Legal considerations
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Administering Oxygen
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Care given to the body immediately
following death
 Begins when a doctor has pronounced
the patient dead
 Difficult but essential part of patient care
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Giving Postmortem Care
Dealing with death and dying
 Patient’s rights apply after death
 Family member may want to view body
 Procedure for postmortem care will vary
with different facilities
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Giving Postmortem Care
Morgue kits
 Care of valuables and belongings
 Two people often work together to
complete care
 Observe agency policy
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Giving Postmortem Care
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The nursing assistant provides quality
personal care for patients
Many skills are required to perform
approved procedures
Standard precautions must be observed
Record observations carefully
Know your legal responsibilities
Summary
A large part of the body is fluid, so there
must be a balance between the amount of
fluid taken into the body and the amount
lost from the body
 Swelling and edema
 Dehydration
 Intake and output (I&O) forms vary
between facilities
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Measuring and Recording
Intake and Output