Transcript Podiatric Medicine

Veterinarians

Significant Points


Graduation from an
accredited college of
veterinary medicine and a
license to practice are
required.
Competition for
admission to veterinary
school is EXTREMELY
high.
Veterinarians

Nature of the Work


Veterinarians play a major
role in the healthcare of
pets, livestock, and zoo,
sporting, and laboratory
animals.
Most veterinarians work
in private practices.


More than one-half treat
small animals predominately.
A small number work
exclusively with large animals,
focusing mostly on horses or
cows.
Veterinarians

Nature of the Work

A number of
veterinarians work with
physicians and scientists.



Research ways to prevent
and treat human health
problems
Determine the effects of
drug therapies and surgical
techniques.
Some veterinarians are
involved in food safety.


Check animals for
transmissible diseases
Advise owners on
treatment
Veterinarians

Working Conditions




Over one-third of veterinarian
work 50 or more hours a week.
Often work outdoors in all
kinds of weather
Treat animals or perform
surgery under less-thansanitary conditions.
When working with animals
that are frightened or in pain,
veterinarians risk being bitten,
kicked, or scratched.
Veterinarians

Employment

Veterinarians currently hold about 59,000 jobs in the U.S.
Veterinarians

Training

There are 28 colleges that meet
accreditation standards set by
the Council on Education of
the American Veterinary
Medical Association.
Veterinarians

Pre-Veterinary School



Bachelor’s degree not required
for some schools.
All schools require credit hours
ranging from 45 to 90 semester
hours.
Preveterinary courses emphasis
the sciences:




Organic, inorganic and
biochemistry
Physics
General biology
Animal biology, animal nutrition,
genetics, etc.
Veterinarians

Training


GPA of 3.5 or better is
average.
Standardized Tests vary
from school to school:



Graduate Record
Examination (GRE)
Veterinary College
Admission Test (VCAT)
(no longer offered)
Medical College
Admission Test (MCAT).
Veterinarians

Training

Veterinary and animal experience
is highly desirable.



Formal experience, such as work
with veterinarians or scientists in
clinics, agribusiness, research, or
in some area of health science, is
particularly advantageous..
Number of applicants is
currently rising.
About 1 in 4 applicants are
currently accepted.
Veterinarians

Training

First 2 Years


Second 2 Years




Basic sciences.
Clinical procedures.
Diagnosing and treating
animal diseases and
performing surgery.
Laboratory work in anatomy,
biochemistry, medicine, and
other scientific subjects.
Veterinary graduates who plan
to work with specific types of
animals or specialize in a
clinical area complete a 1-year
internship.
Veterinarians

Earnings


Median annual earnings of
veterinarians is $68,000.
Average starting salaries by
type of practice:





Small animal, predominant $42,918
Large animal, predominant $41,439
Mixed animal - $40,358
Equine - $28,526
Federal Government $35,808.
Veterinarians

Additional Information


American Veterinary Medical Association
http://www.avma.org
Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
http://www.aavmc.org
Pharmacists

Significant Points



Pharmacists are becoming
more involved in drug therapy
decision making and patient
counseling.
Very good employment
opportunities are expected.
Earnings are very high, but
some pharmacists work long
hours, nights, weekends, and
holidays.
Pharmacists

Nature of the Work



Dispense prescribed drugs.
Provide information to patients
about medications and their use.
They advise physicians and other
health practitioners on the
selection, dosages, interactions, and
side effects of medications.
Pharmacists

Working Conditions



Many pharmacists spend most
of their workday on their feet.
About 1 out of 7 pharmacists
work part time.
Most full-time salaried
pharmacists worked about 40
hours a week.
Pharmacists

Employment



Pharmacists currently hold
about 217,000 jobs in the
U.S.
About 6 out of 10 work in
community pharmacies.
About 21 percent of
salaried pharmacists work in
hospitals, clinics, mail-order
pharmacies, pharmaceutical
wholesalers, home
healthcare agencies, or the
Federal Government.
Pharmacists

Training


84 colleges of pharmacy are
accredited to confer degrees by
the American Council on
Pharmaceutical Education.
Pharmacy programs grant the
degree of Doctor of Pharmacy
(Pharm.D.)


The Pharm.D. is a 4-year
program that requires at least
2 years of college study prior
to admittance.
This Pharm.D. has replaced
the Bachelor of Science (B.S.)
degree, which will cease to be
awarded after 2005.
Pharmacists

Prerequisites

Colleges of pharmacy require
at least 2 years of college-level
prepharmacy education.






Mathematics
Chemistry
Biology,
Physics
Courses in the humanities and
social sciences.
Some colleges require the
applicant to take the Pharmacy
College Admissions Test
(PCAT) others require the
GRE.
Pharmacists

Training

Pharmacy school classes
include

Pharmaceutics and
pharmaceutical chemistry


Pharmacology


Physical and chemical
properties of drugs and
dosage forms
effects of drugs on the
body
Pharmacy administration.
Pharmacists

Job Outlook

Pharmacists in chain drug stores may
be promoted to:




Hospital pharmacists may advance to:


Pharmacy supervisor or manager at
the store level
Manager at the district or regional level
Executive position within the chain's
headquarters.
supervisory or administrative
positions.
Pharmacists in the pharmaceutical
industry may advance in:

marketing, sales, research, quality
control, production, packaging, or
other areas.
Pharmacists

Job Outlook


Very, very good
employment
opportunities are
expected for pharmacists.
The growing numbers of
middle-aged and elderly
people

Use more prescription
drugs than do younger
people.
Pharmacists

Earnings


Median annual earnings of
pharmacists is $70,950.
Median annual earnings in the
industries employing the largest
numbers of pharmacists:




Department stores - $73,730
Grocery stores - $72,440
Drug stores and proprietary stores $72,110
Hospitals - $68,760
Pharmacists

Additional Information



American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
http://www.aacp.org
National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
http://www.nabp.net
National Association of Chain Drug Stores
http://www.nacds.org
Podiatric Medicine
The Foot
•Complex structure designed
for balance and mobility
•Highly significant interaction
with rest of the body
•May be first area to reveal
signs of systemic medical
conditions
Podiatric Medicine
Doctor of Podiatric
Medicine
•Specializes in the prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of
foot disorders, diseases, and
injuries
•Works closely with other
health professionals to treat
and control disease
Podiatric Medicine
Doctor of Podiatric
Medicine
•Makes independent decisions
•Performs surgery
•Prescribes medications
•Utilizes radiographic and
laboratory tests for diagnostic
purposes
•Orders physical therapy
Podiatric Medicine
Benefits of a Podiatric
Medical Career
•Professional Satisfaction
•Alleviating human suffering
•Flexible practice hours
•Balanced lifestyle
Podiatric Medicine
Need for Podiatric
Physicians
Baby Boomers
•More miles on their feet
•More active lifestyles means
more injury-prone
•Largest segment of population
Diabetes
•Reaching epidemic proportions
Podiatric Medicine
Podiatric Subspecialties
•Diabetic foot
•Geriatrics
•Pediatrics (Podopediatrics)
•Biomechanics/Orthopedics
•Sports Medicine
Podiatric Medicine
11th Highest Paid Profession in U.S.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000
Average Net Income $134,557
0 - 2 years $ 63,088
3 - 5 years $104,909
6 - 9 years $126,717
10 - 14 years $143,141
15 - 24 years $158,509
25+ years $125,000
Source: APMA 2002
Podiatric Medicine
First Two Years
Basic Sciences
•Anatomy
•Biochemistry
•Physiology
•Microbiology
•Pathology
•Histology
Podiatric Medicine
Last Two Years
Clinical Training
•24 months
•Hospitals
•Ambulatory Clinics
•Long-Term Care Facilities
•Community Practices
Podiatric Medicine
Class of 2007 Averages
•Overall GPA – 3.3
•Science GPA – 3.1
•MCAT – 20
Pre-Requisites
•Biology – 8 Hours*
•Chemistry – 8 Hours*
•Organic Chemistry – 8 Hours*
•Physics – 8 Hours*
•English – 6 Hours
*Lab Required
Podiatric Medicine
Pre-Requisites
•90 semester hours
•Bachelor’s degree
recommended
•MCAT preferred
•Pre-professional advisory
committee evaluation
•Interview required
Podiatric Medicine
•Online application available
through AACPM
•Apply to all 6 member schools
with same application
•Application cycle begins in
September for class that starts the
following August
Podiatric Medicine
• Additional Information
• American Podiatric Medical Association
http://www.apma.org
• American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine
http://www.aacpm.org
Chiropractors

Significant Points



Employment of chiropractors is expected to increase faster
than average.
Chiropractic care has become more accepted as a result of
recent research and changing attitudes.
Earnings are relatively low in the beginning, but increase as
the practice grows.
Chiropractors

Nature of the Work



Chiropractors diagnose and treat
patients whose health problems are
associated with the body's muscular,
nervous, and skeletal systems,
especially the spine.
Chiropractors believe interference
with these systems impairs normal
functions and lowers resistance to
disease.
The chiropractic approach to
healthcare is holistic, stressing the
patient's overall health and wellness.
Chiropractors

Nature of the Work





Some chiropractors use water, light, massage,
ultrasound, electric, and heat therapy.
Chiropractors do not prescribe drugs or perform
surgery.
Many chiropractors are solo or group
practitioners who also have the administrative
responsibilities of running a practice.
The average workweek is about 40 hours.
Chiropractors, like other health practitioners, are
sometimes on their feet for long periods.
Chiropractors

Employment
Chiropractors currently hold
about 50,000 jobs in the U.S.
 Most chiropractors are in solo
practice, although some are in
group practice or work for
other chiropractors.

Chiropractors

Training



Most states require at least 2 years
of undergraduate education
An increasing number of states
require a 4-year bachelor's degree.
All states require completion of a
4-year chiropractic college course
at an accredited program leading
to the Doctor of Chiropractic
degree.
Chiropractors

Training


There are 16 chiropractic programs in the United States
accredited by the Council on Chiropractic Education.
All required applicants must have at least 90 semester hours:






English
Social sciences and/or humanities
Organic and inorganic chemistry
Biology
Physics
Psychology.
Chiropractors

Training

First 2 years of Chiropractic
School


Classroom and laboratory work in
basic sciences.
Last 2 years of Chiropractic
School


Courses in manipulation and spinal
adjustments
Clinical experience in physical and
laboratory diagnosis, neurology,
orthopedics, geriatrics, physiotherapy,
and nutrition.
Chiropractors

Job Outlook



Job prospects are expected to be
good for persons who enter the
practice of chiropractic with faster
than average growth.
Chiropractic care is appealing to
many health-conscious Americans
due to its holistic approach.
Demand for chiropractic treatment
is also related to the ability of
patients to pay, either directly or
through health insurance.
Chiropractors

Earnings




Median annual earnings of salaried
chiropractors is $67,030.
Self-employed chiropractors usually earn
more than salaried chiropractors.
The average income for all chiropractors,
including the self-employed, was about
$81,500 after expenses.
Self-employed chiropractors must
provide for their own health insurance
and retirement.
Chiropractors

Areas of Expansion


Oriental Medicine
Naturopathy
Chiropractors

Additional Information



American Chiropractic Association
http://www.amerchiro.org
International Chiropractors Association
http://www.chiropractic.org
World Chiropractic Alliance
http://www.worldchiropracticalliance.org
D.D. Palmer
Founder of Chiropractics