Transcript Hyperglycemia/Hypoglycemia

HYPERGLYCEMIA/HYPOGLYCEMIA
Esther Kihuga, Karen Lee, Lisa Le,
Jessica Teng, Rossana Aquino,
Jennifer Park, Carmen Tsui,
Elizabeth Cheatham, Malina
Rowell, Stacey Dao, Tina Nguyen,
Farid Abdullah
WHAT CAUSES HYPOGLYCEMIA?
Insufficient food / delayed meal or snack
Excess insulin or excess oral hypoglycemic agents
Too much physical activity
PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
Shakiness/tremors
Nervousness/anxiety
Sweating/clamminess
Hunger
Irritability, confusion, and bizarre behavior
Tachycardia
Headache
Weakness/fatigue
If not treated – can lead to seizures, coma, and death.
HOW TO CORRECT HYPOGLYCEMIA
Administer:
3-4 glucose tablets
1 serving of glucose gel (equal to 15 grams of carbohydrate)
½ cup or 4 ounces of a regular soft drink
1 cup or 8 ounces of milk
5-6 pieces of hard candy
1 tablespoon of sugar or honey
**Amounts varies among individual**
NURSING IMPLICATIONS FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA
Assess:
Level of consciousness
Respiratory and circulatory status
Blood glucose
Existence of IV access
Time and amount of insulin doses
Amount of food eaten
WHAT CAUSES HYPERGLYCEMIA?
Inadequate administration of insulin/medication – T1DM
Insufficient insulin for body’s demands – T2DM skipping or forgetting
insulin/medications
Eating too much
Not enough exercise
Stress from illness – ex: flu and infection
PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERGLYCEMIA
Extreme thirst
Dry or itchy skin
Hunger
Blurred vision
Drowsiness
Infections
Increased urination
Video on symptoms of hyperglycemia
HOW TO CORRECT HYPERGLYCEMIA
Insulin therapy
Electrolyte stabilization
Treatment/prevention of long term complications
NURSING IMPLICATIONS FOR HYPERGLYCEMIA
Educate patient on signs and symptoms
Assess patient for signs of DKA and infection
Check patient history of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia
ANY QUESTIONS?