Transcript Pharmacy orientation PPP211 Lec. 2 (Introduction to the pharmacy

Pharmacy orientation PPP211
Lec. 2 (Pharmacy Career)
By Dr. Ahmed Mohsen Hamdan
14th Sept 2014
Lecture topics
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Community pharmacy
Industrial Pharmacy.
Clinical Pharmacy.
Academic Pharmacy.
Hospital Pharmacy.
Medical representative Pharmacist.
Pharmacist responsibilities.
Community Pharmacy
• The majority of pharmacists all over the world
will work in the community pharmacy.
• The job of the community pharmacist is to:
1. Dispense prescriptions.
2. Help the public to make the decisions about
(Over The Counter drugs) OTC for minor
aliments.
3. Counsel patients on how to use their
medications and their devices accurately.
4. Promote public health.
Community Pharmacy
• Nowadays role extended to include helping
patients to give up smoking, weight control, life
style adjustment and measuring the blood
pressure.
• Most community pharmacist own their own
business. So, business management education is
essential in pharmacy (Law, marketing,
accounting and pharmacy administration)
beside the regular pharmacy syllabus.
• Drawbacks: Long working hours with fee
supporting staff.
Community Pharmacy
• Nowadays also pharmacy provides cosmetics
(tooth pasts, shampoo) and house hold items.
Community Pharmacy
• Telepharmacy: it is a system that allows the
pharmacist to follow up dispensing process at
multiple locations.
Community Pharmacy
• The pharmacy technician obtain the medication
order from the nursing station of the physician,
enters the order into a computer system and
prepare the product for dispensing ( product
selection, labeling and billing).
• Then, the pharmacist performs the final check of
the product and the whole process.
• There is a video, image and audio links the original
prescription for the dispensed drug.
• There is a possibility of the patient to be counseled
by the pharmacy through the video link integrated
into the telepharmacy system.
Community Pharmacy
Industrial Pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical companies produces chemicals,
medications (prescription and non-prescription) and
other health care products.
• Industrial pharmacist is involved into research and
product development (R&D), manufacturing, quality
control, sales &marketing, regulatory affairs,
planning and management departments.
• Pharmacist working in R&D department is
responsible for developing new drugs and new
dosage forms for already existing products and
solving problems emerged during manufacturing.
• He must have high knowledge in Pharmaceutics.
Industrial Pharmacy
Industrial Pharmacy
• Pharmacist working in manufacturing
department is responsible for developing a cost
saving and high efficient techniques. He is also
responsible for the safety and health of workers.
Industrial Pharmacy
• Pharmacist working in quality control (QC)
department is responsible for analysis of drug in
the pharmaceutical dosage form. He is also
responsible for the drug analysis of raw materials
and degradation products.
Hospital Pharmacy
• Pharmacist working in hospital pharmacy
interacts on a daily basis with all health care
profession. He is responsible for calculating the
intravenous dosage, dispensing drugs for inpatients and managing drug distribution in
hospital.
• He maintains records for each patient to fill the
medication order.
Hospital Pharmacy
• Some pharmacists working in hospital pharmacy
are specialized in:
1. Nuclear pharmacy (radiopharmaceuticals)
2. Intravenous medications
3. Poisoning center
4. Infectious diseases
Clinical Pharmacy
• Pharmacists working in clinical pharmacy are
responsible for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
(TDM), Drug Information Center (DIC) and
patient counseling.
• They should hold Pharm. D degree
• They must develop pharmaceutical care planning
for each patient.
• They work as a resident pharmacist in the
hospital dealing with patient and all health care
professions.
Academic Pharmacy
• Pharmacists working in academia are responsible
for doing research for new active pharmaceutical
ingredients, new drug formulae and novel drug
delivery systems.
• They should hold Master and Ph.D. degrees.
• They must give teaching and researching
activities in an organization following the
ministry of higher education.
Medical representative Pharmacist
• Pharmacists working as a medical representative
are responsible for introducing the drug to the
health care provider giving many information
about the drug to them.
• They should have high communication skills and
persuasive ability.
Pharmacist responsibilities
• Pharmacists must put the safety and the health
of patients in the first of his responsibility.
• Pharmacists must not participate or assist in drug
distribution, dispensing or promotion of any drug
with poor quality, does not meet the standards
by law or has no therapeutic value for patients.
• Pharmacist must update his knowledge for the
professional judgment.
• Pharmacist must respect the law and the ethics.
• Pharmacist must look for the fair profit for his
service avoiding extra profit from other sources.
Pharmacist responsibilities
• Pharmacists must keep the confidential
information records for his patient.
• Pharmacists must not publish any false or
misleading statements for the public.
• Pharmacists must not dispense or deal with
secret formulae.
• Pharmacist must produce his effort to prevent
the drug abuse.
Evolution of pharmacist’s role
• During the 20th century, the pharmacy profession
evolved four stages:
1- Traditional era:
• Before 1940s, the pharmacist "Apothecary" role was
to prepare and dispense drugs.
• The main aspect of traditional profession was
Pharmacognosy "medicinal function of natural
products of animal, plant, and mineral sources and
galenical pharmacy". This era was dominated by the
formulation and dispersing of drugs from natural
sources.
• Galenical pharmacy??
Evolution of pharmacist’s role
2- Scientific era:
• After World War II, scientific era was dominated
by development of drugs and scientific testing of
the effects of drugs on the body and mass
production of synthetic drugs. The backbone of
this era was Pharmacology "scientific study of
drugs and their mechanism of action".
3- Clinical era:
• 1960s, in this era the pharmacist role was a
combination between the traditional roles and a
new role as dispenser of drug information.
Evolution of pharmacist’s role
4- Pharmaceutical-care era:
• The American pharmaceutical association in 1996,
the pharmaceutical care is a patient-centred,
outcomes-oriented pharmacy practice the requires
the pharmacist to work in concert with the patient
and the patient’s other healthcare providers to
promote health, to prevent disease, and to assess,
monitor, initiate, and modify medication use to
assure that drug therapy regimens are safe and
effective.
• The goal of pharmaceutical care is to optimize the
patient’s health-related quality of life and achieve
positive clinical outcomes, within economic
expenditures.