Transcript Chapter 5 Mental Illnesses

“Everyone thinks I’ve gotten better. I
haven’t. I’ve just gotten better at
hiding it. ” Explain the meaning and
message this quote is trying to deliver.
Mental & Emotional Problems
-Anxiety & Depression
-Mental Disorders
-Suicide Prevention
- Getting Help
Anxiety - feeling uneasy or worried about what
might happen
- feelings fear or worry
- sweating, shaking, tension
- inc heart rate, shortness breath
USE STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
WORRIED MOST OF TIME
EASILY DISTRACTED/CAN’T
CONCENTRATE
MUSCLE TENSION/UNABLE TO RELAX
CHANGES IN APPETITE
PYYSICAL SYMPTOMS (HEADACHE,
STOMACH ACHE)
ONLY
. 1 OUT OF 3
TEENS
SUFFERING
FROM
DEPRESSION GET
HELP
Abraham Lincoln, Theodore
Roosevelt, Mark Twain,
Marilyn Monroe and Ernest
Hemingway have battled
depression during their lives
Depression – prolonged feelings
of helplessness, hopelessness
and sadness.
15 % Teens
Suffer From
Depression
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Feel sad or down
Loss of interest
Change appetite or
weight
Sleep Disturbances
Anxious / Can’t relax
Resiliency

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Loss energy
Loss focus
Feeling like failure
Worthless/Helpless
Thoughts Death
Minor Depression– less severe symptoms
Major depression – medical condition requiring
more severe symptoms
- May develop from mild depression
Major
- Chemicals in the brain
Dysthymia
SEEK HELP FOR
DEPRESSION!!!
Bipolar
Postpartum
Seasonal
Mental Disorders – illness of the mind
CAUSES:
1 out of 4 will
suffer from a
mental illness
1) Physical illness or injury brain
(tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, injury)
2) Emotional cause
(abuse, disasters, death)
Only about
30% get
help
Anxiety disorders – real or imagined
fears are difficult to control
Phobias
Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder (OCD)
Panic Disorder
Post-traumatic stress
(PTSD)
Generalized anxiety
Disorder (GAD)
Impulse Control - are unable to resist urges to hurt
themselves or others (cutting, stealing, arson,
compulsive gambling or shopping)
Eating Disorders:
Anorexia –not eating
Bulimia – binge and purging
Mood Disorders: mood
interferes with living
Bipolar – highs and lows
Depression
Conduct Disorders : basic social rules are violated
(lying, aggression, cruelty)
Schizophrenia: lose contact with reality can’t tell
what is real and imaginary
Personality disorders: have extreme and
inflexible personality traits
Borderline personality disorder
Joseph Addison:
“The three grand essentials to happiness in life are
something to do, someone to love, and something to
hope for.”
WHY?
To Do – accomplishments
To Love – share feelings, hopes, dreams, and
disappointments
To Hope- reason to live, things to look forward to,
FUTURE
Suicide - intentional taking of one’s own life
Cluster Suicides – series of suicides
Parasuicide – cry help
2 Risk Factors
90% Suffer From Depression/Mental Disorder
History Alcohol or Drug Abuse
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Bullying
Death/separation parents
Alienated by friends or family
Ending of relationship
Money Problems
Depression/Anxiety Disorders
Verbal Signs
- direct statements “I want to die”
- Indirect “Soon the pain will be over”
- Written statements (poems, songs, etc.)
Non-Verbal
- withdrawal
- mood swings
- impulsive behavior
- negative self-evaluation
- decline school work
- giving away personal items
- increase substance abuse
- feeling trapped or in unbearable pain
- feel burden to others
- showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
E60 - unbreakable
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Recognize the signs
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Show Support/Ask Questions
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Stay w/ the person
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Persuade them to get help
Suicide Hotline
Click
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Psychotherapy – talking w/ mental health professional
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Behavior therapy –rewards and reinforcement
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Cognitive therapy- identify and correct distorted
thinking
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Family Therapy – helping family

Group therapy –similar problems
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Drug Therapy - medicines (often combined other
methods)
1)
2)
3)
4)
My family doesn’t care about me. They’ll be
happy when I am gone”.
Nobody ever pays attention to me. This will be
the only thing I ever do that anyone will
notice.”
I can’t live without him/her. I’ll never be
happy again”.
Life doesn’t mean anything anymore. I might
as well just get it over with”.
Risk Factors
_______________
_______________
_______________
Suicide
Warning signs
______________
______________
_______________
Prevention
______________
______________
_______________
it was believed that evil spirits
caused mental illnesses or
abnormal behaviors.
most common treatment was
trepanation.
Oldest Skull found 7,000 years old
trepanation - was done by drilling holes
into the skull of the possessed person,
therefore allowing the evil spirits to leave.
EARLY
TREATMENTS
The mental ill were
referred to as
lunatics.
Establishments for the
mentally ill were
called madhouses
but later became
private asylums
Opened 1851 –
Pennsylvania State
Lunatic Hospital
Name Changed
1921 -Harrisburg
State Hospital
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State mental hospitals become over-crowded
and custodial care supersedes humane
treatment.
blind-folded on the
platform, suddenly
the platform falls
from beneath and the
patient is dumped
into a bucket of ice
cold water, creating
an effect of body
shock.

A person was completely strapped in the crib,
unable to move.
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Was used to limit motion and reduce sensory
stimulation by covering the head and blocking
vision.

Another device
used to induce a
state of shock. A
person could last
only a short time
(seconds) in this
chair without
becoming
nauseous and
losing
consciousness.
Blood transfusions with animals or people in
order to renew the humors.

In the United States,
people who had
mental disorders
were forced to stay
in state hospitals and
asylums where they
were treated without
much kindness and
respect. Sometimes
forced sterilization
was used.
A neurosurgical procedure that consists of
cutting or scraping away most of the
connections to and from the prefrontal
cortex, the anterior part of the frontal lobes
of the brain. While some patients
experienced symptomatic improvement
with the operation, this was achieved at the
cost of creating other impairments, and this
balance between benefits and risks
contributed to the controversial nature of
the procedure. The use of the procedure
increased dramatically from the early
1940s and into the 1950s; by 1951, almost
20,000 lobotomies had been performed in
the United States. Following the
introduction of antipsychoctic medications
in the mid-1950s, lobotomies underwent a
gradual but definite decline.
Walter J. Freeman was the first to
perform a lobotomy in America. The
purpose of the operation was to reduce
the symptoms of mental disorder, and it
was recognized that this was
accomplished at the expense of a
person's personality and intellect. The
consequences of the operation have
been described as "mixed". Some
patients died as a result of the operation
and others later committed suicide.
Some were left severely braindamaged. Others were able to leave the
hospital, or became more manageable
within the hospital. A few people
managed to return to responsible work,
while at the other extreme people were
left with severe and disabling
impairments
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Due to the number of
complications and deaths
that resulted from the
procedure, it was referred
to as “psychic mercy
killing” and “euthanasia
of the mind.” This was by
far mental health care’s
darkest hour.
1941 (23 years old)
Rosemary Kennedy
who was considered
unstable received a
lobotomy.
Instead of the hoped-for result,
Rosemary was left incapable of
living a normal life— staring
blankly at walls for hours. Her
speech became unintelligible
Freeman coined the term "surgically induced childhood" and used it
constantly to refer the results of lobotomy. The operation left people
with an "infantile personality"; a period of maturation would then,
according to Freeman, lead to recovery. In an unpublished memoir he
described how the "personality of the patient was changed in some
way in the hope of rendering him more amenable to the social
pressures under which he is supposed to exist." He described one 29year-old woman as being, following lobotomy, a "smiling, lazy and
satisfactory patient with the personality of an oyster" who couldn't
remember Freeman's name and endlessly poured coffee from an
empty pot. When her parents had difficulty dealing with her behavior,
Freeman advised a system of rewards (ice-cream) and punishment
(smacks)
WHAT CHANGED THE
WAY MENTAL ILLNESS
WAS TREATED?
• Enlightened
approaches
• Research and
advancements in
technology
• Drugs
• Introduction of "talk therapy“
and advocating
• Outplacement rather than lifelong
stays.
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