Rapid Sequence Induction
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Transcript Rapid Sequence Induction
Rapid Sequence
Induction
Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) is the method
used to secure the airway in a hemodynamically
stable, spontaneously breathing patient. It is
useful in patients who have a full stomach and
therefore are at risk for aspiration.
Key Principles
Anticipating and retrieving the appropriate
supplies and equipment.
Understanding and anticipating the
sequence of events
Knowledge of the frequently used
medications
Risk Factors for Aspiration
Last oral intake is unknown
Pregnancy
Agitated/Combative requiring diagnostic
procedure
Traumatic injury-esp head injury
Intoxication
GI problems- Ex. Bowel Obstruction
Altered LOC with compromised airway
Aspiration is a serious
complication that causes:
Increased length of stay
Increased cost of treatment
Increased chance of morbidity
Contraindications for RSI
Allergies to medications
Severe oral, mandibular or anterior neck
trauma
Airway obstruction
Significant hypotension, profound shock
state
Age less than 3 months
The goal of RSI is to rapidly
secure and control the
airway. Its all about TIME.
RSI Procedure
Prepare
Pre-oxygenate patient
Administer induction agent
Administer rapid acting muscle relaxant
Insert ET tube
Verify placement of ET tube and ensure
airway is secured
Post intubation management
Supplies
Establish IV Access
Cardiac Monitor
Oxygen
Pulse Oximetry
Suction- Wall and Yankauer
Crash Cart
Ventilator Prepared for Attachment
Medications
Intubation Supplies
Bag value mask
Ambu bag
Assorted ET tubes- (size 7 or 8)
CO2 detector
Laryngoscope blades-Mac and Miller
Laryngoscope handle
Stylet
LMA
Bougie
Fiberoptic scope access
Cric or trach tray on standby
Patient Preparation
Brief history and assessment
Use the mnemonic AMPLE
A= Allergies
M= Medications
P= Past Medical History
L= Last Meal
E= Existing Circumstances
Patient Preparation
Pre-Oxygenation
100% Oxygen- Non-rebreather mask or bag value
mask
Pretreatment with medications to counteract
the body’s response to intubation. Intubation
causes
Increased ICP
Increased intraocular pressure
Hypertension and tachycardia
Paralysis with Induction
Induction/Sedation ALWAYS proceeds
paralysis.
Induction agents should be administered
by or under direct supervision of persons
trained in the administration of general
anesthetics and in the management of
complications encountered during
general anesthesia (anesthesiologist, ED
physicians)
Cricoid Pressure
Application of pressure
to the cricoid cartilage to
occlude the esophagus.
Prevents the aspiration
of gastric contents.
Do not release the
pressure until instructed
to do so.
Post Intubation
Monitor Vital Signs Frequently
Confirm Placement of ET Tube
End tidal CO2
Auscultation
Chest X-ray
Secure ET Tube
Obtain Orders for Sedation and Pain
Control
Obtain Vent Orders